The association of TEs and cis-regulatory modules (CRMs)
To clarify the evolutionary relationship between TEs and CRMs, the genome-wide CRMs were predicted. By comparing the location information of CRMs to TEs, we found that there were 3.7% ~ 16.9% of TEs highly overlapped with CRMs in location in each species (Table 1). KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the gene function near CRMs that overlapped with TEs. The results showed that the pathways enriched in most species were still involved in environment information processing, such as Circadian entrainment (map 04713), cAMP signaling pathway (map 04024), and Glutamatergic synapse (map 04724) (Table S5). These enrichment results were highly similar to the results presented in above section.