Statistical analyses
In order to calculate the sample size, we focused on range of motion difference of 10 degrees (SD 20 deg) comparing pre-TOT and post -TOT range of motion. Using type-I error (alpha) of 0.05 and power of 0.8, the calculated sample size required 30 patients. To compensate for an estimated 10% loss to follow-up we planned to recruit 33 patients to our study.
Continuous variables are presented as means (standard deviation); categorical variables are presented as counts (percent). Clinical scores before and after the surgery were treated as paired samples, for which statistical analysis was done with the paired sample t-test. Statistical significance was considered p-value of less than 0.05. All p-values presented are two sided.