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\begin{document}

\title{A low-cost system to quantify root phenotypes resulting from root-root
interactions}



\author[1]{William Alexander LaVoy}%
\author[1]{Suxing Liu}%
\author[1]{Kabir Hossain}%
\author[1]{Alexander Bucksch}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 07, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Root-root interactions significantly impact the formation of
architectural root phenotypes, yet are poorly understood. Phenotype
formation is impacted by sensing of soil resources and exudates of
neighboring plants (Nord et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2021), which
motivates the need to accurately quantify this phenomenon into its
underlying causes. Currently, we are developing a complete experimental
system for root-root interactions. A mesh frame has been designed to
support the growth of two mature plant root systems. The frame is
inserted into a large mesocosm, filled with a sand/soil mixture, and two
plants are grown. To harvest, the mesocosm is disassembled and the
sand/soil is gently washed away. Root systems are left suspended in the
mesh and using a Canon EOS Rebel T5, \textasciitilde{}500 total photos
are taken at 10 different angles ranging from below to above the roots,
360\selectlanguage{ngerman}° around the frame. DIRT/3D is used to construct 3D models and
extract data from individual root systems. We are in the process of
improving our data extraction methods to include spatial traits relative
to the two root systems. To do so, we dye the root systems right before
harvesting. The difference in coloration allows the use of a deep
learning model based on U-net architecture to perform image segmentation
and separate roots in the 3D models. Our next step is to run a larger
experiment with 10 mesh frames. This will provide statistical
significance for trait identification and adaptation of DIRT/3D for
root-root interaction data extraction and analysis.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy


\emph{\textbf{William LaVoy\textsuperscript{1},} Suxing
Liu\textsuperscript{1}, Kabir Hossain\textsuperscript{1}, Alexander
Bucksch\textsuperscript{1}}

\emph{\textsuperscript{1}School of Plant Sciences, University of
Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA}

\textbf{ORCiD:} 0000-0002-4561-479X

\textbf{Keywords:} Root-root interaction, DIRT/3D, image segmentation

\textbf{References:}

Nord, E. A., Zhang, C., \& Lynch, J. P. (2011). Root responses to
neighbouring plants in common bean are mediated by nutrient
concentration rather than self/non-self recognition. \emph{Functional
Plant Biology} , \emph{38} (12), 941. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP11130

Wang, N., Kong, C., Wang, P., \& Meiners, S. J. (2021). Root exudate
signals in plant--plant interactions. \emph{Plant, Cell \& Environment}
,\emph{44} (4), 1044--1058. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13892

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