Measures of insect diversity
The collected insects included specimens of the following orders: Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Blattodea, Mecoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera and Psocoptera. we calculated the following indices for Coleoptera (beetles) and Heteroptera (true bugs) as well as for different feeding guilds, i.e. phytophageous and non-phytophageous insects (beetles and true bugs pooled) with the omnivore and zoo-phytophageous species counting into both camps (see Table S3): 1) The number of occurring species (i.e. species richness), 2) the Shannon-index (using the vegan R-package; Oksanen et al. 2022) and 3) the number of individuals (i.e. abundance). Additionally, we investigated the abundance of all collected insects. We did not calculate total insect diversity (Shannon-index) and species richness as not all specimens could be determined to the species level.
Prior to any analyses we calculated the z-scores for each biodiversity variable and removed outliers, defined as z ≥ |4| corresponding to a probability of 0.003%. Outliers have only been detected in the number of individuals of three species (Acer campestre , Betula pubescens , Quercus acutissima ).