1 INTRODUCTION
Cases of cerebral ischemic stroke induced by PAVF were mostly reported in adults, which is attributed to paradoxical cerebral embolism (PCE).1-5 PCE was caused by the transfer of emboli from venous to artery, or from right heart system to left heart system, because of the existence of congenital or acquired arteriovenous communication. PCE is mostly induced by patent foramen ovale (PFO),6 while PAVF is a potential rare cause. This study reported a 13-year-old boy with TIA induced by PAVF, In order that enough attentions should be drawed to the rare cause of PCE, and the missed diagnosis rate should be reduced.