Materials and Methods

Patient selection

We identified a total of 119 histopathologically-proven SCNEC cases from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2018. Eligibility criteria included (1) biopsy-proven SCNEC; (2) age >18 years; and (3) chemotherapy plus radical hysterectomy/chemoradiotherapy. Exclusion criteria included disseminated disease, history of previous or synchronous malignant tumors, pregnancy or lactation, and insufficient data. A total of 103 patients met the inclusion criteria and were considered eligible for the study (Figure 1 ). The institutional ethical review board of SYSUCC approved this retrospective analysis of anonymous data. Requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethical review boards (No.: B2020-231-01).