The baseline characteristics of the study population
A totally of 71 patients with AF and HFpEF were included in the present study, among whom 71 underwent the catheter ablation procedure and 60 received medical treatment. The baseline characteristics of the study population is presented in Table 1. Compared with patients receiving medical treatment, the catheter ablation group had a higher prevalence of paroxysmal AF (49.3% vs 18.3%, p < 0.001), NYHA class II (87.3% vs 63.3%, p < 0.001), beta-blocker (56.3% vs 36.7%, p = 0.025) and AADs medication (19.7% vs 3.3%, p = 0.004), and had a smaller LAD (41.1 + 6.2 vs 46.1 + 8.2, p < 0.001) and a higher LVEF (62.9 + 6.4 vs 60.6 + 6.3, p = 0.035). The baseline characteristics of the patients included in PSM and IPTW are listed in Table S2 and S3.