CBD |
IUCN |
Description |
Habitat loss |
Residential & commercial development |
Housing, urban
areas, commercial and industrial areas, tourism (the areas themselves)
and recreational areas. |
|
Agriculture & aquaculture |
Physical and ecological effects of
livestock and crop production, including wood and pulp plantations and
non-timber crops, livestock farming and aquaculture, both freshwater and
marine. (See Pollution for the chemical effects.) |
|
Energy production & mining |
Activities related to renewable and
non-renewable energy and goods, such as oil, gas drilling, mining,
quarrying, solar farms, windmill turbines etc., and in some cases their
necessities (power lines and pipelines, equally classified as
Transportation & service corridors). |
|
Transportation & service corridors |
Roads, railroads, utility and
service lines, shipping lanes and flight paths. |
|
Human intrusions & disturbance |
Recreational activities and work, as
well as war, civil unrest and military exercises. |
|
Natural system modifications |
Fire and fire suppression, as well as
dams and water management and use. |
|
Geological events |
The habitat loss effects caused by volcanoes,
earthquakes, tsunamis, avalanches and landslides. |
Overexploitation |
Biological resource use |
All biological harvest and
non-production activities (gathering activities), including hunting,
trapping, and collecting terrestrial animals, gathering of terrestrial
plants, logging, wood harvesting and fishing. |
Pollution |
Pollution |
Pollution includes domestic and urban
wastewater, industrial, military, agricultural and forestry effluents,
garbage, solid waste, airborne pollutants and excess energy (aka thermal
pollution). |
Invasive species |
Invasives & other problematic species, genes &
diseases |
A broad label that includes problematic species and diseases
caused by microorganisms or otherwise (unknown agents, viruses, prions
etc.) of either native, alien or unknown origin, as well as any
potentially introduced genetic material. |
Climate change |
Climate change & severe weather |
The effects of
climate-induced habitat shifts and alterations, as well as severe
weather phenomena, such as droughts, temperature extremes, storms and
flooding. |