Conclusions
In conclusion, we believe that tofacitinib combined with IGU can
simultaneously relieve RA and RA-UIP, and thus realize ”dual
treat-to-target”. In addition, as most DMARDs are usually ineffective
for RA-UIP, the combined strategy could be used in most cases,
especially where DMARDs are not sufficiently effective or poorly
tolerated. Prospective studies with a larger cohort must be accumulated
in the future to clarify whether this finding applies to other cases and
how to explain these anti-fibrosis effects exerted by the combined
therapy.