Aims: This study aimed to design the Chinese Modified Olfactory Identification (CMOI) test based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Identification (SSOI) test and to present participants’ sensitivity to unpleasant odors. Materials and methods: We recruited 200 healthy volunteers from 2021 to 2022; in a survey, 100 volunteers rated their familiarity with 121 odors, including all the SSOI test odor descriptors and common odors in Chinese daily life. The SSOI test was modified according to the survey results. The other 100 were tested three times: the standard SSOI test, the Modified Distractors Olfactory Identification(MDOI) test established by modified distractors in the SSOI test, and the CMOI test developed by using familiar unpleasant odors to replace the MDOI test odors with low correct recognition rates. Results: Volunteers were unfamiliar with 31 odor descriptors in the SSOI test; 23 distractors with low familiarity were replaced with more familiar distractors. The three odors with the lowest correct recognition rate in the MDOI test were replaced with familiar unpleasant odors . The familiarity score was significantly higher in the CMOI test than in others (P = 8.6864e-13 < 0.0001); the correct recognition rate in the CMOI test was significantly higher than in the SSOI test (P = 0.007 < 0.05). Conclusion: The familiarity scores in the CMOI test were significantly improved; it prevented choosing wrongly due to unfamiliarity with an odor and its distractors, highlighting the importance of unpleasant smell with a warning function. The CMOI test effectively evaluated olfactory function in Chinese people. Key-words: odor familiarity;olfactory test; modification; distractor; unpleasant odor;correct recognition rates