Figure captions
Figure 1 . Changes in pest abundance, crop damage, yield, and
natural enemy abundance when biocontrol interventions are implemented
compared to untreated crops (untreated/monocropping). The values are
expressed in percentage with 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals.
Results that cross zero indicate no significant difference between
control and treatment groups. K = number of articles, n = number of
effect sizes
Figure 2 Changes in (a) pest abundance, (b) crop damage, (c)
yield, and (d) natural enemy abundance when biocontrol interventions are
implemented compared to untreated crops (untreated/monocropping). The
values are expressed in percentage with 95% bias-corrected confidence
intervals categorised as Botanical Pesticides (BP), Field margins (FM),
Intercropping (Int), Push-Pull (PP). Results that cross zero indicate no
significant difference between control and treatment groups, n = number
of effect sizes
Figure 3 Changes in (a) pest abundance, (b) crop damage, (c)
yield, and (d) natural enemy abundance when biocontrol interventions are
implemented compared to untreated crops (untreated/monocropping). The
values are expressed in percentage with 95% bias-corrected confidence
intervals categorised as Cereal, Fibre, Fruit, Pulses and Vegetable
(Veg) where available. Results that cross zero indicate no significant
difference between control and treatment groups; n = number of effect
sizes
Figure 4 Changes in (a) pest abundance, (b) crop damage, (c)
yield, and (d) natural enemy abundance when biocontrol interventions are
implemented compared to untreated crops (untreated/monocropping). The
values are expressed in percentage with 95% bias-corrected confidence
intervals categorised as Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and
Blattodea where available. Results that cross zero indicate no
significant difference between control and treatment groups; n = number
of effect sizes
Figure 5 Changes in (a) pest abundance, (b) crop damage, (c)
yield, and (d) natural enemy abundance when biocontrol interventions are
implemented compared to untreated crops (untreated/monocropping). The
values are expressed in percentage with 95% bias-corrected confidence
intervals categorised as small farms and research farms. Results that
cross zero indicate no significant difference between control and
treatment groups; n = number of effect sizes.
Figure 6 Changes in pest abundance, crop damage, yield, and
natural enemy abundance when biocontrol interventions are implemented
compared to crops treated with synthetic pesticides. The values are
expressed in percentage with 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals.
Results that cross zero indicate no significant difference between
control and treatment groups. K = number of articles, n = number of
effect sizes.