Acknowledgments:
We would like to acknowledge Dr David V. Sheehan for permission to use
MINI, and Professor Gus A. Baker for permission to use LAEP scale.
Ethics Statement: The approval for this study was granted by
Institute Ethics Committee of All India Institute of Medical Sciences
(AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
Disclosure of conflicts of interest: None of the authors have
any conflict of interest to declare.
REFERENCES:
1. Alsfouk BAA, Brodie MJ, Walters M, Kwan P, Chen Z. Tolerability of
Antiseizure Medications in Individuals With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy.JAMA Neurology . 2020;77(5):574-581.
doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0032
2. Britton JW, Shih JJ. Antiepileptic drugs and suicidality. Drug
Healthc Patient Saf . 2010;2:181-189. doi:10.2147/DHPS.S13225
3. Martins HH, Alonso NB, Vidal-Dourado M, et al. Are adverse effects of
antiepileptic drugs different in symptomatic partial and idiopathic
generalized epilepsies? The Portuguese–Brazilian validation of the
Liverpool Adverse Events Profile. Epilepsy & Behavior .
2011;22(3):511-517. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.08.005
4. Zeng K, Wang X, Xi Z, Yan Y. Adverse effects of carbamazepine,
phenytoin, valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in epileptic adult
Chinese patients. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery .
2010;112(4):291-295. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.12.014
5. Gilliam F. Optimizing health outcomes in active epilepsy.Neurology . 2002;58(8 suppl 5):S9-S20.
doi:10.1212/WNL.58.8_suppl_5.S9
6. Barrow P, Waller P, Wise L. Comparison of hospital episodes with
‘drug-induced’ disorders and spontaneously reported adverse drug
reactions. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology .
2006;61(2):233-237. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02554.x
7. BAKER GA. The Liverpool adverse drug events profile.Epilepsia . 1995;36:S59.
8. de Kinderen RJA, Evers SMAA, Rinkens R, et al. Side-effects of
antiepileptic drugs: The economic burden. Seizure .
2014;23(3):184-190. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2013.11.009
9. Kim SK, Park SP, Kwon OY. Impact of depression and anxiety on adverse
event profiles in Korean people with epilepsy. Epilepsy &
Behavior . 2015;46:185-191. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.005
10. Almalag HM, Alzahrani H, Al-hussain F, et al. The impact of old
versus new antiepileptic drugs on costs and patient reported outcomes
among older adults. Geriatric Nursing . 2018;39(6):669-675.
doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.05.001
11. Budikayanti A, Qadri LM, Syeban Z, Indrawati LA, Octaviana F.
Adverse Events of Antiepileptic Drugs Using Indonesian Version of
Liverpool Adverse Events Profile. Neurology Research
International . 2018;2018:e8490639. doi:10.1155/2018/8490639
12. Siqueira HH, Dalbem JS, Schiavini M, et al. Self-reported adherence
among people with epilepsy in Brazil. Epilepsy & Behavior .
2020;103:106498. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106498
13. Andrew T, Milinis K, Baker G, Wieshmann U. Self reported adverse
effects of mono and polytherapy for epilepsy. Seizure .
2012;21(8):610-613. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2012.06.013
14. Jasionis A, Jasionytė G, Mameniškienė R. Tolerability of antiseizure
medicines using Lithuanian version of the Liverpool Adverse Events
Profile. Epilepsy Behav . 2021;124:108371.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108371
15. Kwon OY, Park SP. Validity of the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile
as a Screening Tool for Detecting Comorbid Depression or Anxiety
Disorder in People with Epilepsy. J Epilepsy Res .
2018;8(2):74-80. doi:10.14581/jer.18012
16. Rashid H, Katyal J, Sood M, Tripathi M. Depression in persons with
epilepsy: A comparative study of different tools in Indian population.Epilepsy Behav . Published online December 10, 2020:107633.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107633
17. Gilliam FG, Santos J, Vahle V, Carter J, Brown K, Hecimovic H.
Depression in epilepsy: ignoring clinical expression of neuronal network
dysfunction? Epilepsia . 2004;45 Suppl 2:28-33.
doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.452005.x
18. Gómez-Arias B, Crail-Meléndez D, López-Zapata R, Martínez-Juárez IE.
Severity of anxiety and depression are related to a higher perception of
adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. Seizure .
2012;21(8):588-594. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2012.06.003
19. Kowski AB, Weissinger F, Gaus V, Fidzinski P, Losch F, Holtkamp M.
Specific adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs — A true-to-life
monotherapy study. Epilepsy & Behavior . 2016;54:150-157.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.11.009
20. Kanner AM. Most antidepressant drugs are safe for patients with
epilepsy at therapeutic doses: A review of the evidence. Epilepsy
Behav . 2016;61:282-286. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.03.022
21. Kanner AM. Do psychiatric comorbidities have a negative impact on
the course and treatment of seizure disorders? Curr Opin Neurol .
2013;26(2):208-213. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32835ee579
22. Carreño M, Donaire A, Falip M, et al. Validation of the Spanish
version of the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile in patients with
epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior . 2009;15(2):154-159.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.11.016
23. Canevini MP, De Sarro G, Galimberti CA, et al. Relationship between
adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs, number of coprescribed drugs,
and drug load in a large cohort of consecutive patients with
drug-refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia . 2010;51(5):797-804.
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02520.x
24. Kwon OY, Park SP. What is the role of depressive symptoms among
other predictors of quality of life in people with well-controlled
epilepsy on monotherapy? Epilepsy Behav . 2011;20(3):528-532.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.01.010
25. Elger C, Halász P, Maia J, Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P, Group on
behalf of the B 2093 301 IS. Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine
acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset
seizures: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group
phase III study. Epilepsia . 2009;50(3):454-463.
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01946.x
26. Haag A, Strzelczyk A, Bauer S, Kühne S, Hamer HM, Rosenow F. Quality
of life and employment status are correlated with antiepileptic
monotherapy versus polytherapy and not with use of “newer” versus
“classic” drugs: results of the “Compliant 2006” survey in 907
patients. Epilepsy Behav . 2010;19(4):618-622.
doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.09.037
27. Chen HF, Tsai YF, Shih MS, Chen JC. Validation of the Chinese
version of the Liverpool Adverse Events Profile in patients with
epilepsy. Epilepsy Research . 2011;94(1):45-52.
doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.01.008
28. SH K. Challenging epilepsy with antiepileptic pharmacotherapy in a
tertiary teaching hospital in Sri Lanka. Neurology India .
2004;52(2):233.
29. Mula M, Schmitz B. Depression in Epilepsy: Mechanisms and
Therapeutic Approach. Ther Adv Neurol Disord . 2009;2(5):337-344.
doi:10.1177/1756285609337340
30. Kuzmanova R, Stefanova I, Kolev P, Stambolieva K. Impact of
depression and anxiety on perception of drug-related adverse events and
quality of life in patients with epilepsy. Comptes rendus de
l’Académie bulgare des Sciences . 2017;70(7):1039-1049.