The electronic properties of one-dimensional graphene superlattices strongly depend on the atomic size and orientation of the 1D external periodic potential. Using a tight-binding approach, we show that the armchair and zigzag edge geometries in these superlattices have a different impact on the renormalisation of the anisotropic velocity of the charge carriers. For symmetric potential barriers, the velocity perpendicular to the barrier is modified for armchair edges while remaining unchanged in the zigzag case. For asymmetric barriers, velocity renormalisation is predicted in both directions for both edge types. These asymmetric barriers also break the initial symmetry between the forward and backward momentum direction with respect to the Dirac cone symmetry for the velocity perpendicular (armchair case) or parallel (zigzag case) to the barriers. At last, Dirac cone multiplication at the charge neutrality point occurs only for the zigzag geometry. In contrast, band gaps appear in the electronic structure of the graphene superlattice with armchair edge geometry.