Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0 software package
(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL), and statistical significance was assumed at
p<0.05. All hypothesis tests were two-sided.
Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) since data were
normally distributed, and categorical variables were expressed as
numbers and percentages. Univariable comparisons of categorical
variables were performed using a chi‐squared test or Fisher’s exact
test. Comparison of normally distributed continuous variables was
performed using Student’s T-test, and non-normally distributed variables
with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Binary logistic regression models were
used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).