Design of study Centers involved GA n TOL Planned CS Difference induced labor from spontaneous onset Items included OR (CI 95%) p Results
Sau et al. 2006 Retrospective cohort study Retrospective cohort study Single-center ≥ 24 weeks 60 Not defined Not defined No 5-min Apgar score, umbilical pH, RDS, mortality, ventilation - (-) (-) Differences in composite morbidity not defined
Hack et al. 2011
Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Multicenter
≥ 32 weeks
902
752
150
No
5-min Apgar score, pH, RDS, IUFD, mortality
2.0 (1.0-4.2)
(-)
No significant differences between: - TOL vs. Planned CS
Hoffmann et al. 2012
Retrospective cohort study
Retrospective cohort study
Multicenter
36 weeks
115
63
52
No
5-min Apgar score, pH, mortality
0.9 (0.3-3.0)
0.83
No significant differences between: - TOL vs. Planned CS
Weisz et al. 2012
Retrospective cohort study
Retrospective cohort study
Single-center
35+0-37+6 weeks
89
38
511
No (only in average of vaginal delivery, not morbidity)
5-min Apgar score, pH, RDS, sepsis, CNS, mortality
- (-)
0.24
No significant differences between: - TOL vs. Planned CS
Yamashita et al. 2014 Retrospective cohort study Retrospective cohort study Single-center ≥ 36 weeks 295 187 108 No 5-min Apgar scores < 7, IUFD after 36 weeks’ gestation, neonatal death, umbilical artery pH < 7.1, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, meconium aspiration syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome, or acute feto-fetal hemorrhage 0.4 (0.1-2.0) 0.29 No differences between TOL vs. Planned CS (univariate analysis of perinatal factors for the composite adverse outcome, but no comparation between groups)
Ylilehto et al. 2017
Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Single-center
≥ 37 weeks
73
59
14
No
5-min Apgar < 4, 5-min Apgar < 7, umbilical artery pH < 7.05 Y < 7.00, NICU admission
- (-)
>0.99
No significant differences between: - TOL vs. Planned CS
Ylilehto et al. 2020
Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study
Single-center
Not specified to this cohort (primary cohort – mono and dichorionic: 32+0– 36+6 weeks of gestation)
55
40
15
No
5-min Apgar < 4, 5-min Apgar < 7, umbilical artery pH < 7.05, NICU admission, intracerebral hemorrhage gr. III-IV, respiratory morbidity, composite neonatal morbidity,
- (-)
0.18
No significant differences between: - TOL vs. Planned CS
Aviram et al. 2020
Secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial (Twin Birth Study, Barret et al. 2013) Secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial (Twin Birth Study, Barret et al. 2013)
Multicenter
32+0– 37+6 weeks
670
324
346
No
5-min Apgar < 4, Stillborn, neonatal death, primary, , umbilical artery pH < 7.0, NICU admission > 48h, assisted ventilation, NEC, PVL, composite outcome
- (-)
0.25
No significant differences between: - TOL vs. Planned CS - Twin A vs. Twin B - Monochorionic vs. Dichorionic