Figure 1. Photographs of Chironomus striatipennis larva
Figure 2. Hi-C contact map of theChironomus striatipennis genome assembly. U, unplaced scaffolds.
Figure 3. Circular diagram depicting the characteristics of theChironomus striatipennis genome. From the outer to the inner circle: A Ideogram of the 4 C. striatipennis chromosomes at the Mb scale. B Guanine-cytosine (GC) content. C Repeat density. D Gene density. E Collinearity block in the genome. Connecting lines at the centre of the diagram highlight the homologous relationships of chromosomes
Figure 4. Orthology and genome evolution of Chironomus stritipennis compared with those of 10 other species. The 10 species used for comparison were C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P. vanderplanki, P. akamusi, A. gambiae, A. sinensis, C. quinquefasciatus, D. melanogaster and M. domestica. IQ-TREE was used to construct the unrooted maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree for the 11 species based on genomic data obtained using LG + F + R5 model for 1000 bootstrap replicates.
Figure 5. Analysis of Chironomus striatipennis Globin genes. a. Phylogenetic relationships of C. striatipennis, C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P. akamusi and P. vanderplanki Globin proteins. IQ-TREE was used to build the unrooted maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree with the VT+R4 Best-fit model for 1000 bootstrap replicates. 10, C. striatipennis ; 0, C. riparius ; 5,C. tentans ; 6, C. marinus ; 1, P. akamusi ; 7,P. vanderplanki . b. Expression patterns of Globin in larva, pupa and adult of C. striatipennis .
Figure 6. Gene families involved in CYP450s in Chironomus striatipennis. a Comparison of gene numbers for Mito, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4 proteins in C. striatipennis, C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P. vanderplanki and P. akamusi . Gene numbers are provided above each bar. b Phylogeny tree of CYP450s genes from C. striatipennis, C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P. akamusi andP. vanderplanki Globin proteins. IQ-TREE was used to build the unrooted maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree with the LG+R6 Best-fit model for 1000 bootstrap replicates. 10, C. striatipennis ; 0,C. riparius ; 5, C. tentans ; 6, C. marinus 1,P. akamusi ; 7, P. vanderplanki.
Figure 7. Gene expression patterns among the interactions between hemoglobin, JH Ⅲ and Ecdysone biosynthesis pathways, and regulatory and metamorphosed mechanisms in Chironomus striatipennis. (Frankenberg et al., 2001; Saffarini et al., 1991; Belles X et al., 2005; Y Demay et al., 2014; Kuranaga et al., 2002)
Figure 8. Genome and transcriptome analyses JHAMT of the gene family in Chironomus striatipennis. Comparison of all transcripts and JHAMT transcripts under different stages (larva, pupa, adult); All transcripts on the left and JHAMT transcripts on the right.