Figure 1. Photographs of Chironomus striatipennis larva
Figure 2. Hi-C contact map of theChironomus
striatipennis genome assembly. U, unplaced scaffolds.
Figure 3. Circular diagram depicting the characteristics of theChironomus striatipennis genome. From the outer to the inner
circle: A Ideogram of the 4 C. striatipennis chromosomes at the
Mb scale. B Guanine-cytosine (GC) content. C Repeat density. D Gene
density. E Collinearity block in the genome. Connecting lines at the
centre of the diagram highlight the homologous relationships of
chromosomes
Figure 4. Orthology and genome evolution of Chironomus
stritipennis compared with those of 10 other species. The 10 species
used for comparison were C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P.
vanderplanki, P. akamusi, A. gambiae, A. sinensis, C. quinquefasciatus,
D. melanogaster and M. domestica. IQ-TREE was used to construct the
unrooted maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree for the 11 species based
on genomic data obtained using LG + F + R5 model for 1000 bootstrap
replicates.
Figure 5. Analysis of Chironomus striatipennis Globin
genes. a. Phylogenetic relationships of C. striatipennis, C.
riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P. akamusi and P. vanderplanki Globin
proteins. IQ-TREE was used to build the unrooted maximum-likelihood
phylogenetic tree with the VT+R4 Best-fit model for 1000 bootstrap
replicates. 10, C. striatipennis ; 0, C. riparius ; 5,C. tentans ; 6, C. marinus ; 1, P. akamusi ; 7,P. vanderplanki . b. Expression patterns of Globin in larva, pupa
and adult of C. striatipennis .
Figure 6. Gene families involved in CYP450s in Chironomus
striatipennis. a Comparison of gene numbers for Mito, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4
proteins in C. striatipennis, C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus,
P. vanderplanki and P. akamusi . Gene numbers are provided above
each bar. b Phylogeny tree of CYP450s genes from C.
striatipennis, C. riparius, C. tentans, C. marinus, P. akamusi andP. vanderplanki Globin proteins. IQ-TREE was used to build the
unrooted maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree with the LG+R6 Best-fit
model for 1000 bootstrap replicates. 10, C. striatipennis ; 0,C. riparius ; 5, C. tentans ; 6, C. marinus 1,P. akamusi ; 7, P. vanderplanki.
Figure 7. Gene expression patterns among the interactions
between hemoglobin, JH Ⅲ and Ecdysone biosynthesis pathways, and
regulatory and metamorphosed mechanisms in Chironomus
striatipennis. (Frankenberg et al., 2001; Saffarini et al., 1991;
Belles X et al., 2005; Y Demay et al., 2014; Kuranaga et al., 2002)
Figure 8. Genome and transcriptome analyses JHAMT of the gene
family in Chironomus striatipennis. Comparison of all transcripts and
JHAMT transcripts under different stages (larva, pupa, adult); All
transcripts on the left and JHAMT transcripts on the right.