Crop biomass
Crop biomass was influenced by an interaction between crop mixture and management, but not by crop diversity (Tables S9, S10). Under high management intensity, crop biomass increased with crop diversity, while under low management intensity, biomass was highest in two-species mixtures. Notably, biomass was low in oilseed rape monocultures and in mixtures containing oilseed rape (except linseed-oilseed rape mixtures, Fig. S1).