Figure 4. Summary of the results regarding Hypothesis 3 on functional properties . A-C . Histograms of the distribution of the expected functional richness values for each beach level. The expected average values are shown with a dashed red line. The observed values are shown with a solid, black line. Observed values being significantly different from the expected ones according to the standard size effect test are marked with asterisks (***: p<0.001).D. Distribution of the species contribution to the overall functional space in each level