Conclusion
According to our findings, prophylactic use of caffeine is beneficial compared to caffeine therapy in reducing the incidence of AOP, duration of mechanical ventilator and oxygen therapy, BPD, PDA and ROP. It is well appreciated that prophylactic caffeine without increasing the risk of NEC, IVH and death before discharge. Thus, we support on caffeine advocate prophylactic use in several publicly available national and international guidelines. Furthermore, future research is needed to investigate the optimal caffeine prophylaxis dosing and plan for long-term follow-up neonatal outcomes.