Capital letters indicate differences between species. Lowercase letters indicate the difference between different treatments. The increase in bud lengths was L. perenne >D. glomerata > M. sativa. The bud lengths of the three herbage species all increased first and then decreased with the increase in pH value at the same CaCl2concentration. The bud lengths of L. perenne and M. sativawere the highest at pH values of 6.61 or 7.03, and the bud length ofD. glomerata was the highest at pH 5.35. In contrast, the bud lengths of D. glomerata and M. sativa increased first and then decreased at the same pH value, while the bud length of L. perenne decreased with the increase in CaCl2concentration. The bud lengths of D. glomerata and L. perenne reached their maximum when the CaCl2concentration was 100 mmol/L and 0 mmol/L, and the bud length ofM. sativa reached its maximum when the CaCl2concentration was 100 mmol/L or 150 mmol/L. The bud lengths of D. glomerata, L. perenne and M. sativa were the highest at 5.22, 6.10, and 1.94 when the CaCl2 concentration was 50 mmol/L, 0 mmol/L, and 100 mmol/L, respectively, and pH value was 5.35, 6.61, and 6.61, respectively (Table 3).Table 4. Root lengths of D. glomerata, L. perenne, and M. sativa seedlings under the interaction of pH and CaCl2