Virus Viral genome Disease Zoonotic diseases Main reservoirs Usual mode of transmission to humans Studies employed molecular barcodes
Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) Linear, single-stranded DNA of about 48,000 nucleotides AAV are not currently known to cause disease No Humans Direct contact [28,159,162,163]
Bacteriophagea
Linear, double-stranded DNA of about 44,000 nucleotides (SP6), 38,000 nucleotides (T3) and 40,000 nucleotides (T7)
The concept that bacteriophages as human pathogens has been proposed[164] Bacteriophages may trigger and worsen a number of human diseases[165–167]
No
Bacteria
Direct contact
[158]
Human enterovirus (HEV)b
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 7,400 nucleotides (coxsackievirus B3)
Human myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy
No
Humans
The oral-fecal route
[168]
HIV Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 9,700 nucleotides AIDS Yes Humans, chimpanzees, gorillasc Direct contact with certain body fluids (blood, semen and pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk) [17,25,61]
Influenza A virus Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 14,000 nucleotides (Influenza A virus) Influenza Yes Wild birds, poultry, swine Aerosols, faeces [24,67]
Poliovirus Single-stranded RNA of about 7,500 nucleotides Poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis No Humans The oral-fecal route [169,170]d
SARS-CoV-2
Single-stranded RNA of about 30,000 nucleotides
SARS
Yes
Bats
Direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people Airborne transmission
[27,51,53–55]
SIV Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 9,500 nucleotides - No Chimpanzees, sooty mangabeys Bites and scratches [63,107,108,110,111]
Yellow fever virus (YFV) Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 11,000 nucleotides Yellow fever, yellow jack, yellow plague Yes Humans, monkeyse Mosquitoes [171]f
Zika virus Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 11,000 nucleotides Mild fever and rash, with possible links to microcephaly and Guillain Barré syndrome Yes Humans, other primates Mosquitoes [26,172]