Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) |
Linear, single-stranded DNA of
about 48,000 nucleotides |
AAV are not currently known to cause
disease |
No |
Humans |
Direct contact |
[28,159,162,163] |
Bacteriophagea
|
Linear, double-stranded DNA of about 44,000 nucleotides (SP6), 38,000
nucleotides (T3) and 40,000 nucleotides (T7)
|
The concept that bacteriophages as human pathogens has been
proposed[164]
Bacteriophages may trigger and worsen a number of human
diseases[165–167]
|
No
|
Bacteria
|
Direct contact
|
[158]
|
Human enterovirus
(HEV)b
|
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 7,400 nucleotides (coxsackievirus
B3)
|
Human myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy
|
No
|
Humans
|
The oral-fecal route
|
[168]
|
HIV |
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 9,700 nucleotides |
AIDS |
Yes |
Humans, chimpanzees, gorillasc
|
Direct
contact with certain body fluids (blood, semen and pre-seminal fluid,
rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk) |
[17,25,61] |
Influenza A virus |
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about
14,000 nucleotides (Influenza A virus) |
Influenza |
Yes |
Wild birds,
poultry, swine |
Aerosols, faeces |
[24,67] |
Poliovirus |
Single-stranded RNA of about 7,500 nucleotides |
Poliomyelitis, infantile paralysis |
No |
Humans |
The oral-fecal route |
[169,170]d |
SARS-CoV-2
|
Single-stranded RNA of about 30,000 nucleotides
|
SARS
|
Yes
|
Bats
|
Direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people
Airborne transmission
|
[27,51,53–55]
|
SIV |
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 9,500 nucleotides |
- |
No |
Chimpanzees, sooty mangabeys |
Bites and scratches |
[63,107,108,110,111] |
Yellow fever virus (YFV) |
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about
11,000 nucleotides |
Yellow fever, yellow jack, yellow plague |
Yes |
Humans, monkeyse
|
Mosquitoes |
[171]f |
Zika virus |
Linear, single-stranded RNA of about 11,000
nucleotides |
Mild fever and rash, with possible links to microcephaly
and Guillain Barré syndrome |
Yes |
Humans, other primates |
Mosquitoes |
[26,172] |