Soil inoculation |
Granular/powder; liquid inoculation; immobilized
microbial cells |
Prevents damage to seeds and cotyledons/ Reduce the
destructive effects of fungicides and pesticides |
Needs specialized
tools for using and larger rates of inoculants; needs s more storage
area and transportation; costly method |
(Romeiro 2007) |
Root inoculation |
Foliar spray; root dipping |
Microbial inoculation of
seeds in high concentration |
It requires a lot of microbial inoculation
and is time consuming and expensive |
(Fernandez et al. 2012,
Ullah et al. 2017) |
Seed inoculation |
Seed bio-priming and Seed coating |
Cost-effective,
accurate and useful for improving the properties of seeds |
Reduction of
microbial inoculation survival |
(Ammor et
al. 2008, Piri et al.
2019) |