Subgroup variable Prevalence (95% CI) I2 (%) Heterogeneity (Q) P-value Interaction test (X2) P-value
Year ≤2010 > 2010 51.54 (36.65 – 66.29) 37.95 (30.34 – 45.86) 93.6% 96.4% 250.1 1584.3 P < 0.001 P < 0.001
223.0
P < 0.001
Continent Africa America Asia Europe 48.24 (30.49 – 66.22) 59.52 (31.12 – 84.81) 34.65 (26.08 – 43.75) 53.88 (42.63 – 64.93) 95.1% 95.4% 96.2% 91.2% 102.2 108.1 1186.2 169.7 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001
71.9
P = 0.002
Country Brazil Egypt France Iran Italy Malaysia Taiwan Turkey USA 46.14 (17.16 – 76.64) 47.80 (26.75 – 69.27) 69.62 (27.07 – 97.94) 30.33 (19.52 – 42.37) 82.10 (60.30 – 96.35) 89.33 (70.71 – 99.12) 27.91 (18.73 – 38.13) 30.55 (18.39 – 44.27) 54.31 (0.25 – 99.87) 91.7% 96% - 96.3% - 88.2% 91.2% 76.3% - 24.2 101.1 22.5 675.2 4.6 25.3 136.5 8.4 60.1 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P = 0.031 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P = 0.014 P < 0.001
46.4
P < 0.001
Sample source Hot springs Indoor hot swimming pools Public swimming pool Recreational waters 40.93 (31.53 – 50.68) 52.27 (14.55– 88.50) 45.31 (32.37– 58.58) 34.75 (20.85– 50.14) 92.6% - 97.6% 95.8% 350.5 1.8 1124.2 330.6 P < 0.001 P = 0.169 P < 0.001 P < 0.001
21.8
P = 0.003
Diagnostic method Morphology PCR Morphology and PCR 56.41 (30.09 – 80.92) 22.32 (12.28 – 34.33) 39.94 (33.64 – 46.41) 98.4% 91.3% 92.6% 961.8 80.8 664.5 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 P < 0.001
274.0
P < 0.001