PCA analysis indicated that PC1 and PC2 together accounted for 79.5% of the variations in soil properties, while their individual contributions were 55.0% and 24.5%, respectively (Fig. 4). There were significant positive correlations of aboveground and belowground biomass, SOC, and C/N and negative correlations of TN, TP, and LOC with PC1, while pH and DOC were significantly correlated with PC2 (Fig. 4). EOSs were positively correlated with SOC, C/N, C/P, N/P, and aboveground biomass and negatively correlated with TP; ETNs were positively correlated with TN and TP and negatively correlated with C/N, C/P, aboveground biomass, and root biomass (P <0.05, Fig. 5).