properties
There were no significant differences in soil bulk density between the grazing methods and GE, but soil bulk density in MG was significantly higher than that in CG (P <0.05, Table 1). Soil pH decreased with the deepening of the soil layer in all methods; the mean pH of MG was significantly higher than that observed in the other methods (P <0.05). The SOC of GE was higher than that of all grazing methods in each soil layer, being significantly higher at 0–10 and 20–30 cm (P <0.05). Grazing methods decreased the mean SOC by 41.39%–50.17% compared to that obtained using GE, but there were no differences among the grazing methods (P >0.05, Table 1). Mean DOC values were not significantly different among GE, CG, and RG; however, they were significantly higher than that of MG (P <0.05). LOC obtained with grazing methods was higher than that associated with GE at each soil depth, and the mean LOC of CG was significantly higher than that of GE (P <0.05). Grazing significantly increased the mean TN in CG and RG, as compared to that in GE (P <0.05). TP was highest in the 20–30 cm soil depth, except for RG; grazing significantly increased TP in each soil layer, and there were
TABLE 1 Soil properties in 0-40 cm layers.