Author (year)
Country
Study site
Study design
Participant (postpartum women) Age (mean±SD)
Sample size
Traumatic birth assessment scales Traumatic birth/ PTSD evaluation time
PTSD assessment scales
Traumatic birth (n) PTSD (n)
Dikmen-Yildiz et al 2017 [22]
Turkey
Community
Cohort study
Normal
27.47±5.08
950
DSM-IV A criterion 4-6 weeks postpartum
PDS
287
77
Harris et al 2012 [23]
The United Kingdom
Network
Analytical cross-sectional study
With traumatic birth
31.55±6.58
675
N/A
N/A
PDS
675
127
King et al 2017 [24]
The United Kingdom
Network
Prevalence study
Normal
29.82±5.13
157
DSM-IV A criterion 1-12 months postpartum
TES
41
9
Modarres et al 2012 [25]
Iran
Health care center e centers
Analytical cross-sectional study
With traumatic birth
26.9±4.83
400
Self-report
6-8 weeks postpartum
PSS-I
218
80
Milosavljevic et al 2016 [26]
Serbia
Hospital/ Community
Analytical cross-sectional study
Normal
29.7±4.0
126
DSM-IV A criterion
4 weeks postpartum
CAPS
15
3
O’Donovan et al 2014 [27]
Australia
Hospital
Longitudinal study
Normal
28.6±5.64
933
Self-report
4-6 weeks postpartum
PDS
394
31
Soet et al (2003) [28]
The United States
Childbirth classes
Analytical cross-sectional study
Normal
29.2±4.99
103
DSM-IV A criterion
4 weeks postpartum
TES
35
2
Sharp et al 2020 [29]
The United States
Network
Prevalence study
With NICU
39.64±5.78
77
DSM-V A criterion 1-4 months postpartum
PCL-5
52
18
White et al 2006 [30]
Australia
Hospital
Analytical cross-sectional study
Normal
27.6±5.3
400
Self-report
6 weeks postpartum
PSS-SR
106
6
NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders N/A: Not Available PDS: Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale TES: Trauma Experience Survey PSS-I: Post-traumatic Symptom Scale-Interview CAPS: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale PCL-5: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 PSS-SR: Post-traumatic Stress Symptom Scale-Self-report version