Potential covariates No. of studies Exp(b) Standard error t P 95%CI
Geographical location Asia 9 1.28 0.11 2.90 0.03* 1.03 ~1.60
Europe 1.14 0.10 1.58 0.17 0.92~1.41
North American 1.12 0.10 1.23 0.27 0.88~1.41
Oceania Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Traumatic birth assessment scales
DSM-A
8
1.05
0.11
0.51
0.63
0.82~1.35
Self-report Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
PTSD assessment scales Structured interview diagnostic scale 9 1.15 0.11 1.49 0.18 0.92~1.45
Self-assessment scale Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Postpartum traumatic birth/ PTSD evaluation time 4-8 weeks 8 0.84 0.13 -1.14 0.31 0.56~1.25
1-12 months 0.88 0.18 -0.62 0.56 0.52~1.49
1-4 months Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Participants (postpartum women)
Normal
9
0.81
0.10
-1.65
0.15
0.60~1.10
Traumatic birth 0.93 0.13 -0.53 0.62 0.66~1.30
NICU Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Study design Analytical cross-sectional study 9 1.10 0.15 0.69 0.52 0.78~1.55
Cohort study 1.21 0.21 1.10 0.32 0.78~1.89
Prevalence study 1.23 0.19 1.31 0.25 0.82~1.83
Longitudinal study Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
Year of publication 9 1.01 0.00 3.20 0.07 /
NO. of birth trauma 9 1.00 0.00 -4.90 0.02* /
NO. of PTSD 9 1.00 0.00 5.41 0.02* /
*P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit *P<0.05 DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit