5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Various model systems (in-vitro 2D and in-vivo animal
model) have assisted us in identification of various chemotherapeutic,
chemopreventive agents and carcinogens for better understanding of HNC
progression. But for each and every HNC organ sites animal models are
not accessible. In addition, current models have several restrictions
like turnover of cells, metabolic competence, repair capacity and
resembling human vulnerability complexities of carcinogens. So more
focus should be towards development of robust and reliable model system
like 3D model system which can overcome above issues and naturally mimic
most of the human conditions. Challenges such as low bioavailability,
poor solubility, absorption, short half-life and circulating and tissue
levels of parent compound need to be overcome by developing innovative
chemical analogues, adjuvants therapies and nanoparticles based delivery
systems. Besides recently role of oral microbiome has also been reported
recently which further warrants research into the influence of the oral
microbiome on development of HNC. How microenvironmental factors and
genetic framework can reshape the treatment and prevention of HNC is
still unclear?
In conclusion utilization of solitary approach may not entirely
eradicate this malignancy. For better outcomes chemoprevention may be
employed in combination with primary prevention or existing treatment
modalities. More preclinical & clinical trials are surely needed to
validate the practicality of these agents, either single, adjuvant or in
combination with existing therapies.