Abbreviation
4-NQO 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; 5-aza-Dc, 5-aza-20deoxycytidine; 5-Fu; 5-fluorouracil; ABCG2; ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2; AhR, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; AITC, Allyl isothiocyanate; ALDH, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; AMPK; Activation of metabolic regulator phospho-Kinase; AP-1 Activating protein-1; ATRA, All-trans retinoic acid; AVOs, Acidic vesicular organelles; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; CDDP, Cisdiamminedichloridoplatinum (II); CDKI, Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors; CDKs, Cyclin-dependent kinases; CHK, Checkpoint kinase; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein Homologous Protein; c-IAP1, Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins; Col1A1, Collagen type 1A1; CYP1A1, Cytochrome P450 1A1; DMBA, 7,12- dimethylbenz(a)anthracene; DR5, Death receptor 5; DRSPs, Drug resistant spheres; Dvl-2, Dishevelled-1; EBNA1, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1; EBV, Epstein-Bar virus; EC50s, Effective concentration 50%; EGCG, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; EMT, Epithilial-Mesenchymal Transition; EPR, Enhanced Permiation and Retention; ER, Endoplasmic reticulum; ETs FAD, Flavin adenine dinucleotide; FAK, Focal adhesion kinase; FasL, Factor associated suicide ligand; FOXO, Forkhead transcription factor box protein; GADD45, Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45; GCLC, Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GLUT-1, Glucose transporter-1; GPx, Glutathione peroxidase; GR, Glutathione reductase; GSH, Reduced glutathione; GSK-3β, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β; GST, Glutathione S Transferase; GSTM1, Gluthathione S Transfer Mutant1; HBPCs, Hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis; HDACi, Histone Deacetylases inhibitors; HDAs, Histone deacetylases; HGF, Hepatocyte growth factor; HIF-1α, Hypoxia inducing factor-1 alpha; HNCTICs, Head and Neck Cancer Tumor Initiating cells; HNSCC, Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma; HPbCD, 2-Hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin; HPV, Human papillomavirus; HSP-90, Heat shock protein-90; HSV1, Herpes simplex virus type 1; hTERT, Human telomerase reverse transcriptase; IC50, Inhibitory concentration 50%; IGFBP-5, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5; IKK, IκB kinase; IL-1β, Interleukin-1β; IL-6, Interleukin-6; iNOS, Nitric oxide synthetase; IVL, Involucrin; JAK, Janus Kinase; JNKs, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, LC3II,Light chain 3-II; LOH, loss of heterozygosity; LSCC, Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinase; Mcl-1, Myeloid cell leukaemia 1; MDR-1, Multi drug resistance; MMPs, Matrix Metalloproteinases;; MRP1, Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1; MTA1, Metastasis-associated gene 1; mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin; MVD, Microvessel density; NAG-1, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1; NARNPs, Naringenin loaded nanoparticles; NF-κB, Nuclear Factor kappa-B; NLRP3, Nod-like receptor protein 3; NLRP3, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3; NPC, Nasopharyngeal cancer; NPSCC, Nasopharyngeal Squamous cell carcinomas; NRF2, Nuclear factor-E 2 -related factor-2; OPL, Oral leukoplakia; OPSCC, Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; PAB, PARP, Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase; PDK-1, 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1; PDT, Photodynamic therapy; PGE-2, ProstaglandinsE-2; PI3KCA, Phosphoinositide-3 kinase caspase; PKB, Protein kinase B; PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; PTX-LiP, Paclitaxel co-loaded liposome; PUMA, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis; REG, Regenerating gene; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; Sal-B SIRT1, Silent information regulator 1; SMs, Somatic mutations; SOCS, Suppressor of cytokine signalling; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; Sp1, Transcription factor specificity protein 1; SPRP1b, Small proline rich protein; TIMP-2, Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2; TNF-R, Tumor necrosis factor receptor; TPA, 1,3-tetradecanoyl phorbolacetate; TRAF1, TNF receptor-associated factor 1; TRAIL-R, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor; TRIB3, uPA, Urokinase-type plasminogen activator; UPR, Unfolded Protein response; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; XIAP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein; ZEB1, Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1;