5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Various model systems (in-vitro 2D and in-vivo animal model) have assisted us in identification of various chemotherapeutic, chemopreventive agents and carcinogens for better understanding of HNC progression. But for each and every HNC organ sites animal models are not accessible. In addition, current models have several restrictions like turnover of cells, metabolic competence, repair capacity and resembling human vulnerability complexities of carcinogens. So more focus should be towards development of robust and reliable model system like 3D model system which can overcome above issues and naturally mimic most of the human conditions. Challenges such as low bioavailability, poor solubility, absorption, short half-life and circulating and tissue levels of parent compound need to be overcome by developing innovative chemical analogues, adjuvants therapies and nanoparticles based delivery systems. Besides recently role of oral microbiome has also been reported recently which further warrants research into the influence of the oral microbiome on development of HNC. How microenvironmental factors and genetic framework can reshape the treatment and prevention of HNC is still unclear?
In conclusion utilization of solitary approach may not entirely eradicate this malignancy. For better outcomes chemoprevention may be employed in combination with primary prevention or existing treatment modalities. More preclinical & clinical trials are surely needed to validate the practicality of these agents, either single, adjuvant or in combination with existing therapies.