Pulmonary diseases account for nearly a third of all deaths, according to a list of the world's top 10 causes of death published by WHO. Current therapies for pulmonary diseases can only just relieve symptoms rather than restore lung function fully. Pulmonary inhalation administration is an ideal approach to locally treat lung disease. However, the complexity of the lung structure often causes difficulties in the progression of pulmonary inhalation preparations. Nanotechnology provides a potential strategy for the preparation of inhalable drugs, which may be a way to conquer the physiological barrier of lungs and significantly improve the bioavailability of drugs. In recent years, pulmonary inhalable administration has aroused wide attentions. However, inhalable administration of nanotechnology-based drug therapeutics for pulmonary diseases is remain in infancy and needs overcome greater challenges than expected. This review describes the categories inhalable drugs and describes the inhalable drugs for lung diseases.

We report a case of a severely underweight and flat chest woman with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who was successfully treated with cadaveric sequential bilateral lung transplantation. By the fourth months after transplantation, we found three-dimensional CT volumetry is a feasible way to evaluate postoperative thoracic cage change.