Figure 2. Gendered perceptions on
main causes of land degradation on household’s plots (hh) and
community-landscape level (cl)
Impacts of land degradation and restoration on ecosystem
services
Of the 15 ecosystem services (ES) under consideration, the concordance
analysis shows disagreements (Wt <0.5)
in perceptions among the 59 men and 59 women (All raters in Table 1).
The most disagreement was on economic ES and tenure. Worth noting, women
largely have convergent views (Wt =0.63) on
regulatory and cultural ES. Men on the other hand, have convergent views
mostly on provisioning ES. Women have been found in several studies to
have increased concern and knowledge of regulatory services while men
are knowledgeable of provision services (Fortnam et al., 2019). A
systematic review established that women have a stronger perception of
soil formation, habitat conservation and sustaining biodiversity while
men have strong knowledge of fuel and timber (Yang et al., 2018). Our
results also show that men have higher agreement on rating of
provisioning services than on regulatory and socio-economic.
Table 1 Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (Wt) for gendered
agreements in restoration impacts