Methods

Study area

The study was conducted in two landscape restoration sites of Gudoberet (in Basona-worena district, North Shewa zone of Amhara region) and Lemisuticho (in Doyogena districts, Kembata Tembaro zone of SNNP– Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (Fig. 1). Landscape restoration practices were upped in these sites for the last 6-10 years. The local Bureaus of Agriculture and communities play an important role in the implementation and management of restoration practices in the Gudoberet site while an NGO called Inter Aide France and local communities lead those practices in the Lemisuticho sites (Doyogena). In these two sites, the Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) provide research support ranging from planning, implementation to evidence generation.