REFERENCES

1. Yang J, Chen X, Deng X, et al. Disease burden and clinical severity of the first pandemic wave of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Nat Commun . 2020;11:5411. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19238-2
2. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Accessed March 18, 2022. https://covid19.who.int
3. Shi T, McLean K, Campbell H, Nair H. Aetiological role of common respiratory viruses in acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health . 2015;5(1):122-131. doi:10.7189/jogh.05.010408
4. Shi T, Arnott A, Semogas I, et al. The Etiological Role of Common Respiratory Viruses in Acute Respiratory Infections in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis . 2020;222(Supplement_7):S563-S569. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy662
5. Shi T, McAllister DA, O’Brien KL, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. LANCET . 2017;390(10098):946-958. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30938-8
6. Shi T, Denouel A, Tietjen AK, et al. Global Disease Burden Estimates of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Acute Respiratory Infection in Older Adults in 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Infect Dis . 2020;222(Supplement_7):S577-S583. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz059
7. Wang X, Li Y, O’Brien KL, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study. LANCET Glob Health . 2020;8(4):E497-E510. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30545-5
8. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis . 2018;18(11):1191-1210. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30310-4
9. Li Y, Reeves RM, Wang X, et al. Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health . 2019;7(8):e1031-e1045. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30264-5
10. Li Y, Wang X, Cong B, Deng S, Feikin DR, Nair H. Understanding the potential drivers for respiratory syncytial virus rebound during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Dis . Published online January 14, 2022:jiab606. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab606
11. Project FluCov • 2021-2022 | Nivel. Accessed January 17, 2022. https://www.nivel.nl/en/nivel-zorgregistraties-eerste-lijn/project-flucov-2021-2022
12. Brice R. CASP CHECKLISTS. CASP - Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Accessed April 2, 2022. https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/
13. Sankey SS, Weissfeld LA, Fine MJ, Kapoor W. An assessment of the use of the continuity correction for sparse data in meta-analysis.Commun Stat - Simul Comput . 1996;25(4):1031-1056. doi:10.1080/03610919608813357
14. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ . 1997;315(7109):629-634.
15. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ . 2003;327(7414):557-560.
16. Wu P, Lu W, He L, et al. COVID-19 Patients with Recent Influenza A/B Infection: A Retrospective Study. J Infect . 2021;82(1):159-198. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.050
17. Tong X, Xu X, Lv G, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of influenza virus infection among adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China. BMC Infect Dis . 2021;21:341. doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05975-2
18. Alosaimi B, Naeem A, Hamed ME, et al. Influenza co-infection associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Virol J . 2021;18(1):127. doi:10.1186/s12985-021-01594-0
19. Stowe J, Tessier E, Zhao H, et al. Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, and the impact of coinfection on disease severity: a test-negative design. Int J Epidemiol . 2021;50(4):1124-1133. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab081
20. Takahashi M, Egorova NN, Kuno T. COVID‐19 and influenza testing in New York City. J Med Virol . 2021;93(2):698-701. doi:10.1002/jmv.26500
21. Zhu X, Ge Y, Wu T, et al. Co-infection with respiratory pathogens among COVID-2019 cases. Virus Res . 2020;285:198005. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198005
22. Zhang C, Gu J, Chen Q, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series. Persson LÅ, ed. PLOS Med . 2020;17(6):e1003130. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003130
23. Li Y, Wang H, Wang F, et al. Co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with multiple common respiratory pathogens in infected children.Medicine (Baltimore) . 2021;100(11):e24315. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000024315
24. Agarwal A, Agarwal M, Sharma A, Jakhar R. Impact of influenza A co-infection with COVID-19. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Off J Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis . 2021;25(5):413-415. doi:10.5588/ijtld.21.0086
25. Zheng J, Chen F, Wu K, et al. Clinical and virological impact of single and dual infections with influenza A (H1N1) and SARS-CoV-2 in adult inpatients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis . 2021;15(11):e0009997. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009997
26. Akhtar Z, Islam MA, Aleem MA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among patients with severe acute respiratory infection during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a hospital-based descriptive study. BMJ Open . 2021;11(11):e053768. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053768
27. Alvares PA. SARS-CoV-2 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Coinfection in Ho… : The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. Pediatr Infect Dis J . 2021;40(4):e164-e166. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000003057
28. Wang X, Kulkarni D, Dozier M, et al. Influenza vaccination strategies for 2020-21 in the context of COVID-19. J Glob Health . 2020;10(2):021102. doi:10.7189/jogh.10.021102
29. Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS. Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect . 2020;81(2):266-275. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046
30. Musuuza JS, Watson L, Parmasad V, Putman-Buehler N, Christensen L, Safdar N. Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One . 2021;16(5):e0251170. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251170
31. Alhumaid S, Al Mutair A, Al Alawi Z, et al. Coinfections with Bacteria, Fungi, and Respiratory Viruses in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathog Basel Switz . 2021;10(7):809. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070809
32. Li Y, Peterson ME, Campbell H, Nair H. Association of seasonal viral acute respiratory infection with pneumococcal disease: a systematic review of population-based studies. BMJ Open . 2018;8(4):e019743. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019743
33. O’Brien KL, Walters MI, Sellman J, et al. Severe pneumococcal pneumonia in previously healthy children: the role of preceding influenza infection. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am . 2000;30(5):784-789. doi:10.1086/313772
34. Danino D, Ben-Shimol S, Van Der Beek BA, et al. Decline in Pneumococcal Disease in Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel Associated with Suppression of seasonal Respiratory Viruses, despite Persistent Pneumococcal Carriage: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am . Published online December 14, 2021:ciab1014. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab1014
35. Fink G, Orlova-Fink N, Schindler T, et al. Inactivated trivalent influenza vaccination is associated with lower mortality among patients with COVID-19 in Brazil. BMJ Evid-Based Med . Published online December 11, 2020:bmjebm-2020-111549. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111549
36. Aj Z, Ac L, Jf C, et al. Coinfection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Enhances the Severity of Pneumonia in Golden Syrian Hamsters. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am . 2021;72(12). doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1747
37. Guan Z, Chen C, Li Y, et al. Impact of Coinfection With SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza on Disease Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health . 2021;9:773130. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.773130
38. Wanga V, Gerdes ME, Shi DS, et al. Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years Hospitalized with COVID-19 - Six Hospitals, United States, July-August 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2021;70(5152):1766-1772. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm705152a3
39. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, et al. SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, or adenoviruses.Lancet Lond Engl . Published online March 25, 2022:S0140-6736(22)00383-X. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00383-X