Introduction:
Metastasis to the spleen from different neoplasms is rare, though in
autopsy about 1.6-30% of patients with cancer have metastasis to the
spleen (1)The most common tumors that metastasized to the spleen have
been lung cancers, breast cancers, and melanoma (2). The spleen plays an
important role in hematopoiesis and immunosurveillance. The main
functions of spleen include clearance of abnormal erythrocytes, removal
of microorganisms, and IgG synthesis (3). Splenomegaly can rarely be the
main sign of metastasis to the spleen (1). Generally, the
pathophysiological mechanism of splenomegaly is categorized into
congestive, infiltrative such as metastasis, immune, and neoplasm such
as lymphoma (3).
Considering the rare prevalence of metastasis to the spleen various
theories have been propounded: I) presence of a humoral substance in the
spleen which causes degradation of tumor cells; II) presence of
contractions in the spleen causing blood ejection from sinusoids into
the splenic vein (1). In this study, one case of hairy cell leukemia and
breast cancer with isolated metastasis to the spleen synchronously is
reported considering its rarity.