Taxon sampling and DNA extraction
In this study, single individuals of 28 typhlocybine species were newly sequenced, including one representative of Alebrini, three from Dikraneurini, three from Zyginellini and 21 from Typhlocybini. Vouchers are deposited at the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC). Nineteen additional mitogenome sequences were obtained from GenBank. The 47 mitogenomes cover all currently recognized typhlocybine tribes (sensu Dworakowska, 1979). Based on results of prior analyses of Membracoidea, we selected representatives of Mileewinae (three species), Cicadellinae (five species) and Evacanthinae (two species) as outgroups (Balme, 2007; Takiya, 2007; Dietrich et al., 2010; Dietrich, 2013b). Included taxa including voucher number, GenBank accession number, and collection locality are listed in Table S2. All specimens were identified to species before DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was extracted from the legs and from the thoracic muscle tissue using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen, Germany) following the animal tissue protocol.