Ancestral character state reconstruction
Ancestral states were reconstructed for the following eight morphological characters that have been used previously to infer evolutionary trends within the group and to define tribes: a, ocelli (absent or present); b, forewing appendix (absent or present); c, forewing closed anteapical cells (absent or present); d, hind wing anal vein (branched or unbranched); e, hind wing with distal extension of CuA vein beyond submarginal vein (beyond submarginal vein or not); f, hind wing CuA vein (bifurcated near apex or not); g, hind wing RP and MA vein (connected by crossvein or confluent); h, hind wing submarginal vein apparently connected directly to CuA vein (absent or present). The eight characters were coded for terminal (tip) taxa as shown in Table S4.
The condition of character f is uncertain for species previously placed in Zyglinellini because the curved vein connected below the main stem of CuA could be interpreted either as a branch of CuA or as part of the submarginal vein, so this character was scored as uncertain (?) for the 6 included Zyglinellini species (Table S4). The description of each character and its states followed Dietrich (2013a) and Dworakowska (1993). Ancestral character state reconstruction (ACSR) was performed with a maximum likelihood approach using a single‒rate Mk1 model in MESQUITE v3.20 (Maddison & Maddison, 2017). To account for phylogenetic uncertainty, we traced character history on 10,000 sampled posterior Bayesian trees and summarized results on the BI consensus tree. In addition, we also traced character history and summarized results on the ML tree based on the matrix of the PCG12_fna.