Results
The simulation values were obtained in the unsteady solution. The nasal resistance measured (simulation) values of Model 1 were 0.69 (0.48) on the right, 1.10 (0.41) on the left, and 0.42 (0.22) on both sides. The actual measurement (simulation) values of Model 2 were 0.72 (0.21) on the right, 0.32 (0.09) on the left, and 0.22 (0.06) on both sides (Fig. 2).
Additionally, the velocity vector of Models 1 and 2, as assessed using a steady-state calculation, is shown in Figure 3. The speed near the choana was suddenly reduced in Model 1. Conversely, the speed remained unchanged in Model 2.
The streamlining of Models 1 and 2 using a steady-state calculation is shown in Figures 4 and 5. In Model 1, we observed ventilation in the right maxillary sinus and in both ethmoidal sinuses. Conversely, we did not observe ventilation in the left maxillary sinuses or in both frontal sinuses (Fig. 4). Additionally, in Model 2, we did not observe ventilation in frontal and maxillary sinuses (Fig.5).