References
Bengough, A.G., McKenzie, B., Hallett, P., and Valentine, T. 2011. Root
elongation, water stress, and mechanical impedance: a review of limiting
stresses and beneficial root tip traits. Journal of experimental botany.62 : 59-68.
Buxbaum, C., and Vanderbilt, K. 2007. Soil heterogeneity and the
distribution of desert and steppe plant species across a
desert-grassland ecotone. Journal of Arid Environments. 69 :
617-632.
Chapin III, F.S., Autumn, K., and Pugnaire, F. 1993. Evolution of suites
of traits in response to environmental stress. The American Naturalist.142 : S78-S92.
Chen, L.-P., Zhao, N.-X., Zhang, L.-H., and Gao, Y.-B. 2013. Responses
of two dominant plant species to drought stress and defoliation in the
Inner Mongolia Steppe of China. Plant Ecology. 214 : 221-229.
Craine, J., Froehle, J., Tilman, D., Wedin, D., and Chapin, I., FS.
2001. The relationships among root and leaf traits of 76 grassland
species and relative abundance along fertility and disturbance
gradients. Oikos. 93 : 274-285.
de Vries, F.T., Brown, C., and Stevens, C.J. 2016. Grassland species
root response to drought: consequences for soil carbon and nitrogen
availability. Plant and Soil. 409 : 297-312.
Doussan, C., Pagès, L., and Pierret, A. 2003. Soil exploration and
resource acquisition by plant roots: an architectural and modelling
point of view. Agronomie. 23 : 419-431.
Farooq, M., Wahid, A., Kobayashi, N., Fujita, D., and Basra, S. 2009.
Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Sustainable
agriculture. 153-188.
Fitz Gerald, J.N., Lehti-Shiu, M.D., Ingram, P.A., Deak, K.I., Biesiada,
T., and Malamy, J.E. 2006. Identification of quantitative trait loci
that regulate Arabidopsis root system size and plasticity. Genetics.172 : 485-498.
Fort, F., Cruz, P., Lecloux, E., Bittencourt de Oliveira, L., Stroia,
C., Theau, J.P., and Jouany, C. 2016. Grassland root functional
parameters vary according to a community‐level resource
acquisition–conservation trade‐off. Journal of Vegetation Science.27 : 749-758.
Gong, X.Y., Chen, Q., Dittert, K., Taube, F., and Lin, S. 2011.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutritional status of semiarid steppe
grassland in Inner Mongolia. Plant and Soil. 340 : 265-278.
Gruber, B.D., Giehl, R.F., Friedel, S., and von Wirén, N. 2013.
Plasticity of the Arabidopsis root system under nutrient deficiencies.
Plant physiology. 163 : 161-179.
Han, Y.-y., Zhou, S., Chen, Y.-h., Kong, X., Xu, Y., and Wang, W. 2014.
The involvement of expansins in responses to phosphorus availability in
wheat, and its potentials in improving phosphorus efficiency of plants.
Plant physiology and biochemistry. 78 : 53-62.
Hernández, E., Vilagrosa, A., Pausas, J., and Bellot, J. 2010.
Morphological traits and water use strategies in seedlings of
Mediterranean coexisting species. Plant Ecology. 207 : 233-244.
Hill, J., Simpson, R., Moore, A., and Chapman, D. 2006. Morphology and
response of roots of pasture species to phosphorus and nitrogen
nutrition. Plant and Soil. 286 : 7-19.
Hodge, A. 2004. The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous
supplies of nutrients. New phytologist. 162 : 9-24.
Hodge, A., Robinson, D., Griffiths, B., and Fitter, A. 1999. Why plants
bother: root proliferation results in increased nitrogen capture from an
organic patch when two grasses compete. Plant, Cell & Environment.22 : 811-820.
Hodge, A., Stewart, J., Robinson, D., Griffiths, B., and Fitter, A.
1998. Root proliferation, soil fauna and plant nitrogen capture from
nutrient-rich patches in soil. The New Phytologist. 139 :
479-494.
Hu, H.-l., LIU, Y.-z., LI, Y.-k., LU, D.-x., and Min, G. 2014. Use of
the N-alkanes to estimate intake, apparent digestibility and diet
composition in sheep grazing on Stipa breviflora desert steppe. Journal
of Integrative Agriculture. 13 : 1065-1072.
Hu, X.W., Zhou, Z.Q., Li, T.S., Wu, Y.P., and Wang, Y.R. 2013.
Environmental factors controlling seed germination and seedling
recruitment of Stipa bungeana on the Loess Plateau of northwestern
China. Ecological research. 28 : 801-809.
Huang, B. 2001. Nutrient accumulation and associated root
characteristics in response to drought stress in tall fescue cultivars.
HortScience. 36 : 148-152.
Jin, J., Wang, G., Liu, X., Pan, X., and Herbert, S.J. 2005. Phosphorus
application affects the soybean root response to water deficit at the
initial flowering and full pod stages. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition.51 : 953-960.
Kaiser, H.F. 1958. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor
analysis. Psychometrika. 23 : 187-200.
Kang, L., Han, X., Zhang, Z., and Sun, O.J. 2007. Grassland ecosystems
in China: review of current knowledge and research advancement.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.362 : 997-1008.
Knapp, A.K., Ciais, P., and Smith, M.D. 2017. Reconciling
inconsistencies in precipitation–productivity relationships:
implications for climate change. New Phytologist. 214 : 41-47.
López-Bucio, J., Cruz-Ramırez, A., and Herrera-Estrella, L. 2003. The
role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture. Current
opinion in plant biology. 6 : 280-287.
Lv, S., Yan, B., Wang, Z., Han, G., and Kang, S. 2019a. Grazing
intensity enhances spatial aggregation of dominant species in a desert
steppe. Ecology and evolution. 9 : 6138-6147.
Lv, X., He, Q., and Zhou, G. 2019b. Contrasting responses of steppe
Stipa ssp. to warming and precipitation variability. Ecology and
evolution. 9 : 9061-9075.
Lv, X., Zhou, G., Wang, Y., and Song, X. 2016. Sensitive Indicators of
Zonal Stipa Species to Changing Temperature and Precipitation in Inner
Mongolia Grassland, China. Frontiers in Plant Science. 7 .
Paez-Garcia, A., Motes, C.M., Scheible, W.-R., Chen, R., Blancaflor,
E.B., and Monteros, M.J. 2015. Root traits and phenotyping strategies
for plant improvement. Plants. 4 : 334-355.
Pérez-Ramos, I.M., Volaire, F., Fattet, M., Blanchard, A., and Roumet,
C. 2013. Tradeoffs between functional strategies for resource-use and
drought-survival in Mediterranean rangeland species. Environmental and
Experimental Botany. 87 : 126-136.
Qi, Y., Dong, Y., Liu, L., Liu, X., Peng, Q., Xiao, S., and He, Y. 2010.
Spatial-temporal variation in soil respiration and its controlling
factors in three steppes of Stipa L. in Inner Mongolia, China. Science
China Earth Sciences. 53 : 683-693.
Ren, J., Su, Z.-Z., Dang, Z.-H., Ding, Y., Wang, P.-X., and Niu, J.-M.
2017. Development and characterization of EST-SSR markers in Stipa
breviflora (Poaceae). Applications in Plant Sciences. 5 :
1600157.
Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Schwarz, D., Franken, P., and Colla, G.
2012. Effects of drought on nutrient uptake and assimilation in
vegetable crops. Pages 171-195 in Plant responses to drought stress.
Springer.
Sánchez-Blanco, M.J., Alvarez, S., Ortuno, M.F., and Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C.
2014. Root system response to drought and salinity: root distribution
and water transport. Root engineering. 325-352.
Song, C., and Chen, X. 2021. Performance Comparison of Machine Learning
Models for Annual Precipitation Prediction Using Different Decomposition
Methods. Remote Sensing. 13 : 1018.
Song, C.J., Ma, K.M., Qu, L.Y., Liu, Y., Xu, X.L., Fu, B.J., and Zhong,
J.F. 2010. Interactive effects of water, nitrogen and phosphorus on the
growth, biomass partitioning and water-use efficiency of Bauhinia faberi
seedlings. Journal of Arid Environments. 74 : 1003-1012.
Stasovski, E., and Peterson, C.A. 1991. The effects of drought and
subsequent rehydration on the structure and vitality of Zea mays
seedling roots. Canadian Journal of Botany. 69 : 1170-1178.
Vitousek, P.M., Porder, S., Houlton, B.Z., and Chadwick, O.A. 2010.
Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: mechanisms, implications, and
nitrogen–phosphorus interactions. Ecological applications. 20 :
5-15.
Walch-Liu, P., Ivanov, I.I., Filleur, S., Gan, Y., Remans, T., and
Forde, B.G. 2006. Nitrogen regulation of root branching. Annals of
botany. 97 : 875-881.
Wang, M.-B., and Zhang, Q. 2009. Issues in using the WinRHIZO system to
determine physical characteristics of plant fine roots. Acta Ecologica
Sinica. 29 : 136-138.
Wang, P., Li, H., Pang, X.-Y., Wang, A., Dong, B.-C., Lei, J.-P., Yu,
F.-H., and Li, M.-H. 2017. Clonal integration increases tolerance of a
phalanx clonal plant to defoliation. Science of the Total Environment.593 : 236-241.
Wasaya, A., Zhang, X., Fang, Q., and Yan, Z. 2018. Root Phenotyping for
Drought Tolerance: A Review. Agronomy. 8 : 241.
Xue, R., Shen, Y., and Marschner, P. 2017. Soil water content during and
after plant growth influence nutrient availability and microbial
biomass. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition. 17 :
702-715.
Yahdjian, L., Gherardi, L., and Sala, O.E. 2011. Nitrogen limitation in
arid-subhumid ecosystems: A meta-analysis of fertilization studies.
Journal of Arid Environments. 75 : 675-680.
Zhang, J., and Han, X. 2008. N2O emission from the semi-arid ecosystem
under mineral fertilizer (urea and superphosphate) and increased
precipitation in northern China. Atmospheric Environment. 42 :
291-302.
Zhang, Q., Niu, J.M., Wu, S., Buyantuyev, A., and Dong, J.J. 2012.
Impact of climatic factors on genetic diversity of Stipa breviflora
populations in Inner Mongolia. Genetics and Molecular Research.11 : 2081-2093.
Zhang, R., Schellenberg, M.P., Han, G., Wang, H., and Li, J. 2018.
Drought weakens the positive effects of defoliation on native
rhizomatous grasses but enhances the drought-tolerance traits of native
caespitose grasses. Ecol Evol. 8 : 12126-12139.
Zhou, G., Zhou, X., Nie, Y., Bai, S.H., Zhou, L., Shao, J., Cheng, W.,
Wang, J., Hu, F., and Fu, Y. 2018. Drought‐induced changes in root
biomass largely result from altered root morphological traits: Evidence
from a synthesis of global field trials. Plant, cell & environment.41 : 2589-2599.
Table 1. Chemical properties of
soil used in the experiment