2.10. Scratch wound healing assay
PASMCs were seeded into 6-well flat bottom culture. Upon 80% confluence, PASMCs were starved with low serum (0.1% FBS) for 24 h. The scratches were created by drawing two parallel lines with a 1ml pipette tips, and the images were taken at 0 h after scratches under a light microscope. After 24 h treatment, images were taken again, and the rate of cell migration was quantified.
2.11.Western blot analysis
Proteins were extracted from exosomes derived from 5 ml plasma, pulmonary arteries or PASMCs lysates with RIPA buffer (containing 1% PMSF). The detailed steps were shown in supplementary methods.