Benefit-sharing

We consulted the local residents and manager of the nature reserve who provided biological protection status, and hired the staff of the nature reserve to to help with genetic diversity assessments, including the collection of giant panda fecal samples. The contributions of all individuals to the research are described in the METHODS and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, and a research report has been provided to the relevant management departments. The research addresses a priority concern that a urgent human management and high attention should be paid to the protection of these giant panda populations outside the Giant panda national Park, to ensure them survival in their distribution areas. Lastly, as described above, all data have been shared with the broader public via appropriate biological databases.
Figure 1 The relative position of the study area
Figure 2 Sampling locations (lower-left panel)and identified individuals of giant pandas in the study area