Introduction:
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a worldwide prevalent infectious disease of domestic and wild small ruminants and a threat to food security, sustainability and the prosperity of animals and humans across Asia, the Middle East and Africa (Baron et al., 2017; Kumar et al., 2014; OIE, 2016), characterized by fever, oculonasal discharges, stomatitis, diarrhea and pneumonia. The morbidity rate of PPR is 100 % and in severe outbreaks mortality reaches to 100 % (Radostits et al., 2000). Morbidity and mortality rates vary but may reach up to 100 % (Lefevre et al., 1990). These rates are usually lower in endemic areas (mortality 20 % or less) and sero-surveillance is sometimes the only indicator of the infection (Roeder et al., 1999). Diallo et al. (2007) has reported that in acute cases, mortality varies from 70 to 80 % with death between 10 and 12 days. Despite efforts, PPR is emerging transboundary infection in new regions in the world affecting major animal and economic damages. Based on epidemiological data existing, the virus is present in 65 countries with an additional more than 20 countries being categorized as “at risk”. A recent cost-benefit analysis study concluded that global eradication of PPR would see a return of $74 billion over 15 years (Jones et al., 2016). Over 90% of the world’s sheep and goat population is found in developing countries, providing food, revenue from trade in animals and their products, plus improved economic stability and resilience for smallholder farmers (Herrero et al., 2013). Following the global eradication of Rinderpest in 2011, the OIE and FAO have joined target PPR as the next animal disease to eradicate (Lancelot et al, 2016; OIE, 2016; OIE, & FAO, 2015). Epidemiological approaches toward eradication of PPR would likely provide considerable sustainability and welfare benefits to vulnerable communities across Asia, the Middle East and Africa. This review will provide a regional road map of China, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan and Tajikistan for the scientist, policy makers and stick holders of OIE/FAO vision 2030 for the eradication of PPR, through understanding the regional epidemiology, PPRV lineage distribution, regional distribution of host, impact of regional animal movements during PPR outbreaks and associated risk factors.