2.1 Study design and study population
The HCWs including physicians, nurses, and other workers (i.e. ,
psychologist, laboratory technicians, radiology technicians, hospital
staff, and security staff) across the country were included in the
study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: aged between 18 and 70 years;
working at a university hospital, training and research hospital, or
state hospital; receiving no COVID-19 treatment at the time of the
questionnaire; and not being under quarantine or isolation due to close
contact with a suspected COVID-19 patient. Exclusion criteria were as
follows: incomplete questionnaires; being infected with COVID-19 at the
time of questionnaire; being on leave at the time of questionnaire; and
being unemployed. The questionnaires were fulfilled by the participants
via an online survey. All participants were informed about the nature of
the study in detail before the study and a written informed consent was
obtained. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of
Health Sciences University, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University
(No: 25 - Date: 23/09/2020). The study was conducted in accordance with
the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The data were collected
between October 1st and October
31st, 2020