2.1 Study design and study population
The HCWs including physicians, nurses, and other workers (i.e. , psychologist, laboratory technicians, radiology technicians, hospital staff, and security staff) across the country were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were as follows: aged between 18 and 70 years; working at a university hospital, training and research hospital, or state hospital; receiving no COVID-19 treatment at the time of the questionnaire; and not being under quarantine or isolation due to close contact with a suspected COVID-19 patient. Exclusion criteria were as follows: incomplete questionnaires; being infected with COVID-19 at the time of questionnaire; being on leave at the time of questionnaire; and being unemployed. The questionnaires were fulfilled by the participants via an online survey. All participants were informed about the nature of the study in detail before the study and a written informed consent was obtained. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Health Sciences University, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation University (No: 25 - Date: 23/09/2020). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The data were collected between October 1st and October 31st, 2020