References
  1. Hashimoto K, Clapp JF. The effect of nuchal cord on amniotic fluid and cord blood erythropoietin at delivery. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2003 Oct;10(7):406-11. doi: 10.1016/s1071-5576(03)00139-4. PMID: 14519481.
  2. Rhoades DA, Latza U, Mueller BA. Risk factors and outcomes associated with nuchal cord. A population-based study. J Reprod Med. 1999; 44(1): 39-45.
  3. Miser WF. Outcome of infants born with nuchal cords. J Fam Pract. 1992; 34(4): 441-5.
  4. Adinma JI. Effect of cord entanglement on pregnancy outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1990;32(1):15-8.
  5. Benischke K, Kaufmann P. Anatomy and physiology of the umbilical cord and significant vessels. Pathology of Human placenta 3rd edition 1995
  6. Al-Qaraghouli M, Fang YMV. Effect of Fetal Sex on Maternal and Obstetric Outcomes. Front Pediatr. 2017 Jun 19; 5:144. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00144. PMID: 28674684; PMCID: PMC5476168.
  7. Sherer DM, Dalloul M, Ward K, Nakagawa J, Joseph I, Grube S, Abulafia O. Coexisting true umbilical cord knot and nuchal cord: possible cumulative increased risk of adverse perinatal outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Sep;50(3):404-405. doi: 10.1002/uog.17389. Epub 2017 Jul 27. PMID: 27997052.
  8. Akkaya H, Uysal G, Büke B, Gök G, Erel Ö, Karakükçü Ç. Evaluation of fetal serum thiol/disulphide homeostasis in deliveries complicated by nuchal cord. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019 Nov;32(21):3543-3547. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1466273. Epub 2018 Apr 30. PMID: 29661092.
  9. Nkwabong E, Ndoumbe Mballo J, Dohbit JS. Risk factors for nuchal cord entanglement at delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2018 Apr;141(1):108-112. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.12421. Epub 2018 Jan 3. PMID: 29215708.
  10. Bosselmann S, Mielke G. Sonographic Assessment of the Umbilical Cord. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2015 Aug;75 (8): 808-818.
  11. Kong CW, Chan LW, To WW. Neonatal outcome and mode of delivery in the presence of nuchal cord loops: implications on patient counseling and the mode of delivery. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292: 283–289
  12. Hayes DJL, Warland J, Parast MM, Bendon RW, Hasegawa J, Banks J, Clapham L, Heazell AEP. Umbilical cord characteristics and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 24;15(9):e0239630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239630. PMID: 32970750; PMCID: PMC7514048.
  13. Zhao F, Geng Q, Kong F, Ning Y. Quantitative analysis of tightness of nuchal cord and its relationship with fetal intrauterine distress. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(10):1 7507-14.
  14. Henry E, Andres RL, Christensen RD. Neonatal outcomes following a tight nuchal cord. J Perinatol. 2013; 33(3): 231-4.
  15. Carter EB, Chu CS, Thompson Z, Tuuli MG, Macones GA, Cahill AG. Electronic Fetal Monitoring and Neonatal Outcomes when a Nuchal Cord Is Present at Delivery. Am J Perinatol. 2020 Mar;37(4):378-383. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1679866. Epub 2019 Feb 28. PMID: 30818403; PMCID: PMC7472605.
  16. Masad R, Gutvirtz G, Wainstock T, Sheiner E. The effect of nuchal cord on perinatal mortality and long-term offspring morbidity. J Perinatol. 2020 Mar;40(3):439-444. doi: 10.1038/s41372-019-0511-x. Epub 2019 Oct 8. PMID: 31595022.
  17. Akkaya H, Büke B, Pekcan MK, Şahin K, Uysal G, Yeğin GF, Avşar AF, Çağlı F. Nuchal cord: is it really the silent risk of pregnancy? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Jul;30(14):1730-1733. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1223035. Epub 2016 Sep 1. PMID: 27585242.
  18. Sherer DM, Manning FA. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of nuchal cord(s): disregard, inform, monitor, or intervene? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 14(1): 1-8.
  19. Dhar KK, Ray SN, Dhall GI. Significance of the nuchal cord. J Indian Med Assoc. 1995; 93(12): 451-3
  20. Peregrine E, O’Brien P, Jauniaux E. Ultrasound detection of nuchal cord prior to labor induction and the risk of Cesarean section. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 25(2): 160-4.
  21. Jouppila P, Kirkinen P. Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Nuchal Encirclement by the Umbilical Cord: A Case and Methodological Report. J Clin Ultrasound; 1982: 1059-62.
  22. Spellacy WN, Gravem H, Fisch RO. The umbilical cord complications of true knots, nuchal coils, and cords around the body. Report from the collaborative study of cerebral palsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966 Apr 15;94(8):1136-42. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(66)90777-0. PMID: 5293995.
  23. Lipitz S, Seidman DS, Gale R, Stevenson DK, Alcalay M, Menczer J, Barkai G. Is fetal growth affected by cord entanglement? J Perinatol. 1993 Sep-Oct;13(5):385-8. PMID: 8263624.
  24. Strong TH Jr, Sarno AP, Paul RH. Significance of intrapartum amniotic fluid volume in the presence of nuchal cords. J Reprod Med. 1992; 37(8): 718-20.
  25. Martinez-Aspas A, Raga F, Machado LE, Bonilla F Jr, Castillo JC, Osborne NG, et al. Umbilical cord entanglement: diagnostic and clinical repercussions. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;6(3):225-232.