Conclusion:
Permanent RV apical pacing leads to marked changes of LV systolic
function. Moreover, atrial pacing and asynchronous ventricular pacing
may cause more deterioration of LV global and regional systolic
longitudinal strain detected by 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography.
Limitations: The sample size was relatively small and data
resulting from this study should be considered as preliminary
observations. Larger studies with a greater number of patients should be
conducted to validate our results. Coronary angiography wasn’t performed
to rule out coronary artery disease as an additional cause that can
affect strain values. This was due to absence of indications for further
coronary evaluation.
Abbreviations: 2-D: two dimensional, AP: atrial paced, AS:
atrial sensed, ASE: American society of echocardiography, A-V:
atrioventricular, CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, CIED: cardiac
implanted electronic devices, CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy,
DDDR: dual chamber pacemaker with rate modulation ,ECG:
electrocardiogram, EF: Ejection fraction, FS: fractional shortening, HF
: heart failure, IHD: ischemic heart disease, IVSd: interventricular
septum diastolic thickness, LBBB: left bundle branch block, LV: left
ventricle, LV LSS: left ventricular longitudinal systolic strain, LVEDD:
left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVESD: left ventricular end
systolic diameter, LVEDV: left ventricular end diastolic volume, LVESV:
left ventricular end systolic volume, MOST: Mode Selection Trial, PICM:
pacing induced cardiomyopathy, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention,
PWd: posterior wall diastolic thickness, ROI: region of interest, RV:
right ventricle, RVA: right ventricular apical, SA: sinoatrial, SD:
standard deviation, STE: speckle tracking echocardiography, VP:
ventricular paced, VVI: Single-chamber ventricular pacing