Conclusion:
Permanent RV apical pacing leads to marked changes of LV systolic function. Moreover, atrial pacing and asynchronous ventricular pacing may cause more deterioration of LV global and regional systolic longitudinal strain detected by 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography.
Limitations: The sample size was relatively small and data resulting from this study should be considered as preliminary observations. Larger studies with a greater number of patients should be conducted to validate our results. Coronary angiography wasn’t performed to rule out coronary artery disease as an additional cause that can affect strain values. This was due to absence of indications for further coronary evaluation.
Abbreviations: 2-D: two dimensional, AP: atrial paced, AS: atrial sensed, ASE: American society of echocardiography, A-V: atrioventricular, CABG: coronary artery bypass graft, CIED: cardiac implanted electronic devices, CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy, DDDR: dual chamber pacemaker with rate modulation ,ECG: electrocardiogram, EF: Ejection fraction, FS: fractional shortening, HF : heart failure, IHD: ischemic heart disease, IVSd: interventricular septum diastolic thickness, LBBB: left bundle branch block, LV: left ventricle, LV LSS: left ventricular longitudinal systolic strain, LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVESD: left ventricular end systolic diameter, LVEDV: left ventricular end diastolic volume, LVESV: left ventricular end systolic volume, MOST: Mode Selection Trial, PICM: pacing induced cardiomyopathy, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention, PWd: posterior wall diastolic thickness, ROI: region of interest, RV: right ventricle, RVA: right ventricular apical, SA: sinoatrial, SD: standard deviation, STE: speckle tracking echocardiography, VP: ventricular paced, VVI: Single-chamber ventricular pacing