Figure Legends
Figure 1. Dios treatment reduced HFD-induced body weight and
blood glucose gain in KK-Ay diabetic mice. (A,B) Change of body weight
and blood glucose in different weeks of the experimental period in KK-Ay
diabetic mice. (C) Increased body weight in different groups. (D)
Adipose index in different groups. (E) Liver index in different groups.
(F) Representative pictures of retroperitoneal fats and livers from
different groups. These data represent the mean ± SD (n = 6). *p
< 0.05 vs Control group; #p < 0.05vs Model group.
Figure 2. Dios ameliorated lipid accumulation in KK-Ay diabetic
mice. the serum levels of (A) TC, (B) TG, (C) LDL-C, (D) HDL-C and (E)
Insulin of different groups. (F) Representative images of
hematoxylin-eosin and oil-red-O staining (Original magnifications were
200×) of liver and skeletal muscle sections of different groups. These
data represent the mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs Control
group; #p < 0.05vs Model group.
Figure 3. Dios reversed sustained transcriptional changes in
KK-Ay diabetic mice. (A) PCA analysis of different groups. (B) Heat map
of correlation analysis. (C) Identification of DEGs in different groups.
The green represents all regulated genes. The blue represents
upregulated genes. The grey represents upregulated genes. (D-E) Heat map
analysis was employed to the discrimination of expression profile of
DEGs across the samples. Red and green areas separately represent highly
and lowly expressed genes in different groups. (F) GO analysis of DEGs
between Model and Dios group. (G) GO analysis of down-regulated genes
between Model and Dios group. (H) KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs between
Model and Dios group. (I) KEGG pathway analysis of up-regulated genes
between Model and Dios group. (J) Reactome functional enrichment
analysis. n = 3 individuals/group.
Figure 4. Dios treatment ameliorated HFD-induced glucose
metabolism disorder in KK-Ay diabetic mice. (A-C) The glucose
metabolism and insulin resistance-related signaling proteins in liver
were observed by western blot analysis. (D-F) The glucose metabolism and
insulin resistance-related signaling proteins in skeletal muscle were
observed by western blot analysis. These data represent the mean ± SD (n
= 3). *p < 0.05 vs Control group; #p < 0.05vs Model
group.
Figure 5. Dios treatment reverses HFD-induced gut dysbiosis in
KK-Ay diabetic mice. (A) PCoA of gut microbiota in mice based on
weighted UniFrac. (B) UPGMA of gut microbiota in mice. (C) Changes in
intestinal bacteria community at the phylum level from different groups.
(D) The ratio of the phylum Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes .
(E) The abundance of the phylum level of Firmicutes. (F) The
abundance of the phylum level of Bacteroidetes . (G) Changes in
intestinal bacteria community at the species level from different
groups. Relative abundance of significant differences at the species
level: (H) Lactobacillus_gasseri; (I)Aerococcus_viridans; (J) Corynebacterium_glutamicum. (K)Bacteroides_acidifaciens . These data represent the mean ± SD (n
= 3). *p < 0.05 vs CK group; #p < 0.05vs M group.
Figure 6. C. glu and Dios treatment reduced HFD-induced
body weight and blood glucose gain in KK-Ay diabetic mice. (A,B) Change
of body weight and blood glucose in different weeks of the experimental
period in KK-Ay diabetic mice. (C) Increased body weight in different
groups. (D) Liver index in different groups. (E) Adipose index in
different groups. The serum levels of (F) TC, (G) TG, (H) LDL-C, (I)
HDL-C and (J) Insulin of different groups. (K) Representative images of
hematoxylin-eosin and oil-red-O staining (Original magnifications were
200×) of liver sections of different groups. These data represent the
mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 vs Control group; #p <
0.05 vs Model group.
Figure 7. C. glu and Dios treatment ameliorated
HFD-induced glucose metabolism disorder in KK-Ay diabetic mice. (A-C)
The glucose metabolism and insulin resistance-related signaling proteins
in liver were observed by western blot analysis. (D-F) The glucose
metabolism and insulin resistance-related signaling proteins in skeletal
muscle were observed by western blot analysis. These data represent the
mean ± SD (n = 3). *p < 0.05 vs Control group; #p <
0.05 vs Model group.