Statistical analysis
Results were expressed as mean±S.D. The statistical significance of the differences between groups was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test analysis using the GraphPad Prism6 software. Post hoc tests were conducted only if F was significant, and there was no variance in homogeneity. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Dios treatment reduced HFD-induced body weight andblood glucose gain in KK-Ay diabetic mice.
To investigate the effect of Dios on body weight and blood glucose, we conducted the KK-Ay mice that were chronically administrated with Dios for 4 weeks. As shown in Fig. 1A, the administration of Dios significantly reduced the body weight compared to the model group at the end of the feeding period. Meanwhile, after 4 weeks of Dios and Met administration, both Dios and Met group exhibited significantly decreased blood glucose (Fig. 1B). In addition, we found that weight gain (Fig. 1C), adipose index (Fig. 1D, 1F) and liver index (Fig. 1E, 1F) of Dios and Met administration were significantly lower than that of KK-Ay diabetic mice. Those results demonstrated that Dios reduces body weight and glucose in KK-Ay diabetic mice.
Diosameliorated lipid accumulation in KK-Ay diabetic mice.
As shown in Fig. 2A-2E, the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C were increased and the level of HDL-C and serum insulin decreased in KK-Ay diabetic mice compared with NC group. Notably, Dios treatment significantly decreased the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and increased the serum level of HDL-C and insulin. To explore the effect of Dios on preventing hepatic steatosis, liver and skeletal muscle histopathological changes by using H&E and oil-red staining (Fig. 2F) were performed. H&E staining of liver sections shows widespread vacuolation in KK-Ay diabetic mice but not in Dios and Met treated group. Moreover, fewer lipid droplets in liver and skeletal muscles were observed in the mice of Dios treatment as compared to the KK-Ay diabetic mice.