Study population
From May 2018 to July 2019, 281 patients with history of VAs were
evaluated with both contrast-enhanced CMR imaging and 24-hour ambulatory
Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) simultaneously within the timeframe of
one month in our institution. Of the 281 patients, 15 were excluded
because the interval between CMR and Holter ECG examinations was greater
than one month, 176 were excluded due to the presence of structural
heart diseases, defined by clinical histories and echocardiographic
results (early coronary artery diseases, previous myocardial infarction,
valvular heart diseases, and a family history of inheritable conditions,
including channelopathies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy). Twelve were excluded
based on severe LGE image artifacts that affected measurements
(Figure 1 ). The final study population included 78 patients
without structural heart disease. The study protocol was approved by the
institutional review board at our institution, and all participants
provided written informed consent.