Processes United States Europe
Sludge production Increasing Increasing
More efficient dewatering processes Increasing Increasing
More advanced techniques for pathogen removal Increasing Increasing
Sludge recycling Increasing Increasing
Landfill disposal Decreasing Decreasing
Incineration Decreasing Increasing
Ocean disposal Banned Decreasing
Legal requirements Increasing Increasing
Metal concentrations in biosolid Decreasing Decreasing
Power efficiency and energy recovery Increasing Increasing
Biosolids management outsourcing Increasing Increasing
Biosolids management costs Increasing Increasing
Social demands related to environmental conditions Increasing Increasing
Farmers’ demands regarding biosolids quality Increasing Increasing