|
Uttar Pradesh
|
Cd:0.01-0.09; Co: 1.3-10.6; Cr:5.2-2100; Cu:5.9-39.2; Fe: 463-1873;
Mg:441-1880;
Ni:5.6-23.3; Pb:3.4-13.7; Zn:17.8-232.5.
|
Cd:0.01-0.09; Co: 1.3-10.6; Cr:5.2-2100; Cu:5.9-39.2; Fe: 463-1873;
Mg:441-1880;
Ni:5.6-23.3; Pb:3.4-13.7; Zn:17.8-232.5.
|
The study finds various quantities of heavy metals in fish
(Heteropnuestes Fossilis
|
Ajmal et al. 1984
|
|
Ganga and Bramhaputra river
|
Fe: 8040-2220; Mn: 183-523; Cr: 16-134; Ni: 7-49
Zn: 22-101; Cu: 2-62
|
Fe: 8040-2220; Mn: 183-523; Cr: 16-134; Ni: 7-49
Zn: 22-101; Cu: 2-62
|
The temporal and regional fluctuations in the distributions of heavy
metals observed in Ganga sediment
|
Subramanian et al. 1987
|
|
Mirzapur
|
Cd: 13.37–32.73 Co: 10.50–26.77. Cu: 38.0–157.80 Fe: 19.75–72.77 Mn:
34.25–105.55 Ni: 67.25–176.13 Pb: 34.25–185.75 μg/L and Zn:
94.25–423.75 μg/L.
|
Cd: 13.37–32.73 Co: 10.50–26.77. Cu: 38.0–157.80 Fe: 19.75–72.77 Mn:
34.25–105.55 Ni: 67.25–176.13 Pb: 34.25–185.75 μg/L and Zn:
94.25–423.75 μg/L.
|
The study pointed out, heavy metal deposition in Ganga sediments and
sewer-river confluence locations
|
Sharma et al. 1992
|
|
Kanpur
|
Cr: 0.15-0.75
|
Cr: 0.15-0.75
|
Heavy metal pollution of the Ganga River from tannery industry
sludges
|
Khwaja et al. 2001
|
|
Lucknow, Kanpur, Delhi, and Agra
|
Cr: 115–817; Mn: 440–1 750; Fe: 28700–61100, Co: 11.7–29.0, Ni:
35–538, Cu: 33–1 204, Zn: 90–1974, Pb: 14–856 Cd: 0.14–114.8
|
Cr: 115–817; Mn: 440–1 750; Fe: 28700–61100, Co: 11.7–29.0, Ni:
35–538, Cu: 33–1 204, Zn: 90–1974, Pb: 14–856 Cd: 0.14–114.8
|
The study discovered heavy metals in freshly deposited stream sediments
of rivers related to Ganga Plain urbanization.
|
Singh et al. 2002
|
|
Haridwar to Farraka
|
Cr 121 – 200 ; Mn 1150 – 3070; Fe 34,100 – 46,200 ; Co 14.7 – 25.3 ;
Ni 35 – 63 ;Cu 44 – 69; Zn 87 – 181 ; Cd 0.41 – 1.31 ; Pb 18 –
35
|
Cr 121 – 200 ; Mn 1150 – 3070; Fe 34,100 – 46,200 ; Co 14.7 – 25.3 ;
Ni 35 – 63 ;Cu 44 – 69; Zn 87 – 181 ; Cd 0.41 – 1.31 ; Pb 18 –
35
|
The geogenic distribution and baseline concentrations of heavy metals
(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were discovered in Ganga River
sediments.
|
Singh et al. 2003
|
|
West Bengal
|
Pb: 30.7-35.77
|
Pb: 30.7-35.77
|
The study discovered the negative consequences of lead levels in Ganga
water and sedimets
|
Dutta
et al., 2005
|
|
Varanasi
|
Cu: 1.7-2.0; Cr: 0.16- 0.2; Ni: 0.1-0.9 Fe: 1.0-1.5
Zn: 0.50 -0.6 ; Cd: 0.1-0.16
|
Cu: 1.7-2.0; Cr: 0.16- 0.2; Ni: 0.1-0.9 Fe: 1.0-1.5
Zn: 0.50 -0.6 ; Cd: 0.1-0.16
|
According to their research, this location was contaminated, and the
water is unfit for residential use, irrigation, or other reasons.
|
Chaturvedi and Pandey, 2006
|
|
Babughat, Diamond Harbour and Gangasagar, West Bengal
|
Hg: 0.16-0.95
Pb: 0.017-0.076
|
Hg: 0.16-0.95
Pb: 0.017-0.076
|
The study looked at the high levels of dissolved heavy metals including
Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Hg in three biologically diverse zones along the
Ganga’s course.
|
Sarkar et al., 2007
|
|
Varanasi
|
Hg: 0-0.00191
|
Hg: 0-0.00191
|
The report studied Hg pollution in biotic and abiotic components of the
Ganga River
|
Sinha et al. 2007
|
|
Kanpur city
|
Upstream
|
Downstream
|
According to the study, tannery waste is dumped into the Ganga River,
and the concentration of Cr in downstream sediment was 30-fold greater
than in upstream sediment, and it was above the likely impact
limit.
|
Beg and Ali, 2008
|
|
|
As:0.25-0.25
Cd: 2.5-6
Cr: 0-5
Cu: 7-10
Mn: 85-125
Pb: 2.5-25
Ni: 5-7.5
Zn: 23-44.5
|
As: 0.25-0.25
Cd: 2.5-2.5
Cr: 105-250
Cu: 15-17
Mn: 160-254
Pb: 2.5-25
Ni: 8.5-13
Zn: 55-70
|
|
|
|
Rishra-Konnaga, West Bengal
|
Zn: 5.229-12.292
Cu:0.949-7.598
Cr: 2.212-3.432
Pb:0.014-0.017
Cd: 0.719-1.454
|
Zn: 5.229-12.292
Cu:0.949-7.598
Cr: 2.212-3.432
Pb:0.014-0.017
Cd: 0.719-1.454
|
The study looked at the buildup of heavy metals in water, sediment, and
tissues of several edible fishes.
The metal accumulation in fishes were in below order
Zn>Cu>Cr>Cd>Pb
|
Bhattacharya et al. 2008
|
|
West Bengal
|
Fe: 0.025-5.49, Mn: 0.025-2.72, Zn: 0.012-0.370, Ni:0.012-0.375, Cr:
0.001-0.044 ; Pb: 0.001-
0.250; Cd:0.001-0.003
Cu: 0.003-0.032
|
Fe: 0.025-5.49, Mn: 0.025-2.72, Zn: 0.012-0.370, Ni:0.012-0.375, Cr:
0.001-0.044 ; Pb: 0.001-
0.250; Cd:0.001-0.003
Cu: 0.003-0.032
|
The presence of several heavy metals investigated in the surface water
of the Ganga River was reported in the following order: Fe
> Mn > Ni > Cr > Pb
> Zn > Cu > Cd. 92% of the
analyzed samples found the presence of the heavy metals
|
Kar et al. 2008
|
|
Allahabad
|
Cu:0.054-0.452
Cr:0.056-0.068
Cd: 0.032-0.044
Pb: 2.32-2.35
Zn:8.7-10.62
|
Cu:0.054-0.452
Cr:0.056-0.068
Cd: 0.032-0.044
Pb: 2.32-2.35
Zn:8.7-10.62
|
The study looked at the presence and bioaccumulation of numerous heavy
metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn) in the muscles of two catfish species caught
in the Ganga.
|
Gupta et al. 2009
|
|
Rishikesh to Allahabad
|
Cd: 0.6-13
Cu: 10-36
Pb: 2.4-26
Zn: 12-106
|
Cd: 0.6-13
Cu: 10-36
Pb: 2.4-26
Zn: 12-106
|
The authors investigated the distribution of non-radioactive heavy
metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb) in Ganga River water and discovered that
concentrations of detecting heavy metals exceeded the regulatory limits
in selected regions.
|
Sharma et al. 2012
|
|
Varanasi.
|
Cr: 126.84–196.11
Ni: 14.63–82.5
Co: 29.98–102.24
Fe: 7175.5–9385
Zn: 137.25–201.2
Cu: 12.67–84
Cd: 9.52–79
Pb: 148.83–211.36
|
Cr: 126.84–196.11
Ni: 14.63–82.5
Co: 29.98–102.24
Fe: 7175.5–9385
Zn: 137.25–201.2
Cu: 12.67–84
Cd: 9.52–79
Pb: 148.83–211.36
|
The investigation discovered that Pb, Cd, Cu, and Ni were present in
considerable amounts in the accessible fraction.
|
Pandey et al. 2015
|
|
Kaushambi
|
Cu: ND-1000; Fe: ND-600; Pb:ND-9;Zn: ND-980
|
Cu: ND-1000; Fe: ND-600; Pb:ND-9;Zn: ND-980
|
|
Chaudhury et al., 2017
|
|
Ganga Basin
|
Cr:7.12-155.0 Cd:0.21-3.6 Pb:2.1-36.5;Ni:3.54-53.1;Cu:2.1-73.98;
Zn:6.3-104.3; Fe: 17389-49568 Mn:139-2167
|
Cr:7.12-155.0 Cd:0.21-3.6 Pb:2.1-36.5;Ni:3.54-53.1;Cu:2.1-73.98;
Zn:6.3-104.3; Fe: 17389-49568 Mn:139-2167
|
The study found that the amounts of Cr and Cd in water, as well as Mn in
sediment, were greater in the Ganga River than in many other rivers
throughout the world.
|
Siddiqui & Pandey, 2019
|
|
Rishikesh to Roorkee
|
Zn:32.84; Pb:3.73 Mn:3.52; Fe:5696.92 Cu:52.4; Si:1.54 Ni:2.91; Cd:
2.81; Co:2.9
|
Zn:32.84; Pb:3.73 Mn:3.52; Fe:5696.92 Cu:52.4; Si:1.54 Ni:2.91; Cd:
2.81; Co:2.9
|
The current study’s Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) findings suggest
that the water samples from the Ganga River were severely contaminated
with heavy metals. The HPI observation was above the high class
(HPI>30).
|
Matta et al., 2018
|
|
Gomti-Ganga River basin
|
As: 6.1; Fe: 152.3; Cd: 19.5; Pb: 83.9; Mn: 52.4; Cr: 7.6
|
As: 6.1; Fe: 152.3; Cd: 19.5; Pb: 83.9; Mn: 52.4; Cr: 7.6
|
COVID-19 lockout improved the Ganga River’s dissolved heavy metal
burden.
|
Khan et al., 2021
|