Answer:
We present a case of breast cancer with brain metastasis at initial
presentation in a developed country.
A 49-years-old female presented to the emergency department with
progressive worsening of headache of 1 week duration. She also endorsed
a mass in the right breast which started as a lump 10 months ago, which
continued to increase in size, associated with tenderness, episodes of
bleeding and purulent drainage. Other significant histories include
hypertension not on treatment, does not have a primary care physician,
no prior mammogram, 5 healthy living children who were breastfed, no
history of alcohol consumption or smoking, history of pancreatic cancer
in mother at 60’s and breast cancer in aunt at 50’s and paternal cousin
at 40’s. On presentation she was hypertensive, in acute distress due to
pain and examination was significant for a large ulcerated fungating
right breast mass(Figure 1) with multiple right axillary lymphadenopathy
and without neurological deficits.
Ultrasound of the right breast showed 8.6 x 8 cm heterogeneous mass with
blood flow. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed 8.6 x 8.5 cm
mass in the right breast with surrounding skin thickening and right
axillary lymphadenopathy(Figure 2) . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of
head revealed 1.8 x 2.1 cm enhancing left cerebellar lesion with
adjacent vasogenic edema and mass effect on the 4th ventricle(Figure3,
Figure 4). Nuclear medicine bone scan was significant for a single
osseous metastatic lesion in the left femoral neck. Needle biopsy of the
breast tissue confirmed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated invasive
ductal carcinoma which was ER-, PR- and Her-2/neu - with
Ki-67(proliferative index) immunostaining positive in 35% of tumor
cells. BRCA-2 gene testing was negative. Patient underwent multiple
cycles of stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain and
Pembrolizumab-Gemcitabine-Carboplatin chemotherapy. Follow-up at 15
months with CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed reduction in size
of primary breast mass and right axillary lymphadenopathy but developed
7 new hepatic lesions and abdominal lymphadenopathy. The needle biopsy
of the liver showed metastatic lesion consistent with primary breast
cancer which is triple receptor negative. She continues to receive
chemotherapy with close follow-up.
FUNDING: None.
ACKOWLEDGMENT: None.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
ETHICAL APPROVAL AND CONSENT STATEMENT: Published with
appropriate informed
written consent from the patient.