References
  1. Kobayashi T, Gyo K, Komori M, Hyodo M. Efficacy and Safety of Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatomas: A Preliminary Report. Otol Neurotol. 2015 Dec;36(10):1644-50. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000857. PMID: 26485586.
  2. Li B, Zhou L, Wang M, Wang Y, Zou J. Endoscopic versus microscopic surgery for treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2021 Mar-Apr;42(2):102451. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102451. Epub 2020 Mar 5. PMID: 33360773.
  3. Hoskison EE, Harrop E, Jufas N, Kong JHK, Patel NP, Saxby AJ. Endoscopic Stapedotomy: A Systematic Review. Otol Neurotol. 2021 Dec 1;42(10):e1638-e1643. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003242. PMID: 34267093.
  4. Potsangbam DS, Akoijam BA. Endoscopic Transcanal Autologous Cartilage Ossiculoplasty. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Mar;71(1):54-59. doi: 10.1007/s12070-018-1518-x. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PMID: 30906714; PMCID: PMC6401045.
  5. Caloway CL, Basonbul RA, Ronner EA, Tolisano AM, Zhu AW, Suresh H, Lee DJ, Isaacson B, Cohen MS. Pediatric Endoscopic Ossiculoplasty Following Surgery for Chronic Ear Disease. Laryngoscope. 2020 Dec;130(12):2896-2899. doi: 10.1002/lary.28526. Epub 2020 Feb 5. PMID: 32022283.
  6. Das A, Mitra S, Ghosh D, Sengupta A. Endoscopic ossiculoplasty: Is there any edge over the microscopic technique? Laryngoscope. 2020 Mar;130(3):797-802. doi: 10.1002/lary.28074. Epub 2019 May 23. PMID: 32073145.
  7. Yawn RJ, Hunter JB, O’Connell BP, Wanna GB, Killeen DE, Wick CC, Isaacson B, Rivas A. Audiometric Outcomes Following Endoscopic Ossicular Chain Reconstruction. Otol Neurotol. 2017 Oct;38(9):1296-1300. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000001527. PMID: 28796085.
  8. Tsetsos N, Vlachtsis K, Stavrakas M, Fyrmpas G. Endoscopic versus microscopic ossiculoplasty in chronic otitis media: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Apr;278(4):917-923. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06182-6. Epub 2020 Jul 7. PMID: 32632614.
  9. Chung J, Kang JY, Kim MS, Kim B, Choi JW. Microscopic vs Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Ossicular Anomaly. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Apr;162(4):548-553. doi: 10.1177/0194599819900489. Epub 2020 Jan 21. PMID: 31959042.
  10. McCallum R, Mohd Slim MA, Iyer A. An audit of post-operative pain scores after endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery. Clin Otolaryngol. 2021 Dec 20. doi: 10.1111/coa.13904. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34931457.
Table 1. This table shows the operative findings and pre-operative audiological results in both TEES and microsurgery groups. There was no difference in pre-operative hearing levels between groups, cholesteatoma was more extensive in the microscopic group.Table 2. This shows the types of ossiculoplasty reconstruction, materials used in ossiculoplasty and the tympanic membrane graft. Cartilage was the commonest material used followed by incus and titanium PORP / TORP and there was no difference between groups. There was a significant difference in the tympanic membrane graft material, with more cases in the microscopic group using temporalis facia (p<0.001)Table 3. This shows the outcomes at 3 and12 months following surgery. There was no significant difference in hearing or other outcomes apart from a higher incidence of myringitis in the TEES group at 3 months (p=0.042). At 12 months following surgery, there was a significantly lower AC level in the TEES group (p=0.033). All the other outcomes did not show any significant difference.Table 4. This shows the mean differences of AC, BC and ABG between those with and without erosion of stapes superstructure. There was no statistically significant difference between groups.