2.2 Experimental methods
Field observations formed the cornerstone of the methodology in this
study to understand and characterise the pans in the study area. A total
of 17 pans were studied with regards to their immediate environmental
settings. Of particular importance was the orientation of the closest
tree, as trees are suspected to initiate pan formation. Furthermore,
soil hydraulic conductivity tests were undertaken in the immediate
vicinity of trees with possibility of pan formation. These tests were
completed using a Decagon® Mini disk infiltrometer
which shows the pressure under which soil absorbs water. The cumulative
infiltration during the test was measured and recorded. Lastly, two sets
of penetrometer readings were taken in the vicinity of the trees during
field trip. The first set of readings was completed prior to the first
rainfall event while the second set of tests were done after the
rainfall event. The data from the infiltration and penetrometer tests
were gridded and kriged in order to create contour plots.