In contrast to Atkinson, Luban in his analysis of ROD, in part, exonerates Steven, by categorising two kinds of professionalism: One, the “professionalism of deference”, he associates with Stevens, and the other, “professionalism of expertise”, with Mr Lewis, an America senator; the latter “consists in reducing every practical question to a technical question having no moral dimension”; and the former “begins with a moral among employers, but, from then on, the employee offers loyal and efficient service while deferring to the employer in all further moral decisions” (1996, pp. 304–305). Nevertheless, what the butler profession signifies to Ishiguro himself, is explained by him in a talk in 2015, thus: