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\begin{document}

\title{Asymmetry drives the cumulative impacts of multiple stressors on
freshwater ecosystems under a warming climate}



\author[1]{Olivia Morris}%
\author[2]{Charlie Loewen}%
\author[3]{Guy Woodward}%
\author[4]{Ralf Schaefer}%
\author[5]{Jeremy Piggott}%
\author[6]{Rolf Vinebrooke}%
\author[7]{Michelle Jackson}%
\affil[1]{Imperial College London}%
\affil[2]{University of Toronto}%
\affil[3]{Imperial College, London}%
\affil[4]{University of Koblenz Landau - Campus Landau}%
\affil[5]{Trinity College Dublin}%
\affil[6]{UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA}%
\affil[7]{Oxford University}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Climate warming is an important stressor in freshwater ecosystems, yet
its interactive effects with other environmental changes are poorly
understood. We address this challenge by testing the ability of three
contrasting null models to predict the joint impacts of warming and a
second stressor using a new database of 296 experimental combinations.
Despite concerns that stressors will interact to cause synergisms, we
found that net impacts were best explained by the effect of the worst
stressor (the dominance null model). When this stressor's impact was at
least 50\% greater than that of the second, the dominance model was most
accurate in 62\% of responses. Prediction accuracy depended on the
identity of the stressors and declined at higher levels of biological
organisation. Together these findings suggest we can often effectively
forecast impacts of multiple stressors by focusing on the degree of
asymmetry that exists among their independent impacts.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Morris et al. Eco Letters_submit_3.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/451972/articles/550155-asymmetry-drives-the-cumulative-impacts-of-multiple-stressors-on-freshwater-ecosystems-under-a-warming-climate}

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