Spatio-temporal structure of single neuron subthalamic activity in Tourette Syndrome explored during DBS procedures \citep{Vissani_2019}.

Neuroimaging studies

Ramkiran et al.  \citep{31518769a} used graph theoretical measures applied to resting-state fMRI in adults with TS and studied functional properties of different portions of cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar networks. They showed increased basal ganglia-cortical and thalamo-cortical connectivity but reduced cortico-cerebellar connectivity compared to controls. The authors also reported reductions in serial information transfer within the default mode and the salience functional networks. Altogether, the findings suggested disruption of  interoceptive mechanisms and of brain maturation, as well as a shift as well asshift towards excitatory neurotransmission in TS.