ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study could not have been conducted without the assistance of more than forty Macalester College students, who helped set up and monitor the woodland grid from 1988 through 2013. We thank Cathleen Nguyen, Rebecca Montgomery, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares for their censusing help during 2017-2019. We also thank David Bosanko, Dale Krueger, Jim Krueger, and Troy Mielke for conducting the controlled burns. Conversations with Jim Lutz and Sara Germain were very helpful during the writing of the paper. This research was supported by NSF grants BSR-8717847, DEB-9419922, DEB-9873673, and DEB-0208125 (M.A.D.)