Notes: AA = ascending aorta; ACP = antegrade cerebral perfusion; Ax = axillary artery; CA = circulatory arrest; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; CCT = cross-clamp time; CM = cerebral malperfusion; CP = cerebral perfusion; ER = emergency room; FA = femoral artery; HAR = hemiarch replacement; HCA = hypothermic cardiac arrest; IA = innominate artery; LCCA Rep = left common carotid artery replacement; NA = not available; ONSTS time = the median time from onset of neurological symptoms to surgery; PAR = partial arch replacement; RCCA Rep = right common carotid artery replacement; RCP = retrograde cerebral perfusion; T = temperature; TAAAD = Type A acute aortic dissection; TAR = total arch replacement.